{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145448377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","title":"Exploring the public-private sector wage gap in European countries","display_name":"Exploring the public-private sector wage gap in European countries","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145448377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","mag":"2145448377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","pdf_url":"https://izajoels.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937106","display_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","issn_l":"2193-9012","issn":["2193-9012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://izajoels.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044279466","display_name":"Louis N. Christofides","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louis N Christofides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus","Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048507642","display_name":"Maria Michael","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-6973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9918-6973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus","Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044279466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.3104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98410817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-wage-gap","display_name":"public-private wage gap","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-wages","display_name":"public sector wages","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-differentials","display_name":"wage differentials","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-decomposition","display_name":"wage decomposition","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selectivity","display_name":"selectivity","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-and-wages","display_name":"education and wages","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-countries","display_name":"European countries","score":0.5299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.7405142188072205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6888830661773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118671147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578714","display_name":"Quantile","level":2,"score":0.6705319881439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.6098137497901917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.5394102334976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4889923334121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.44561928510665894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2575629949569702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.11016431450843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.07664266228675842}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","pdf_url":"https://izajoels.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937106","display_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","issn_l":"2193-9012","issn":["2193-9012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:izaels:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:1-53:10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/92334","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/92334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","pdf_url":"https://izajoels.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2193-9012-2-15","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764937106","display_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","issn_l":"2193-9012","issn":["2193-9012"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IZA Journal of European Labor Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145448377.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145448377.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158938444","https://openalex.org/W189440243","https://openalex.org/W1495473022","https://openalex.org/W1533501006","https://openalex.org/W1545284378","https://openalex.org/W1982575668","https://openalex.org/W1989838897","https://openalex.org/W2004950726","https://openalex.org/W2007181273","https://openalex.org/W2021582121","https://openalex.org/W2029675721","https://openalex.org/W2032866085","https://openalex.org/W2034995779","https://openalex.org/W2041510956","https://openalex.org/W2048618014","https://openalex.org/W2064028025","https://openalex.org/W2080198996","https://openalex.org/W2081967627","https://openalex.org/W2093454279","https://openalex.org/W2095516703","https://openalex.org/W2097345597","https://openalex.org/W2104993103","https://openalex.org/W2109095530","https://openalex.org/W2113640535","https://openalex.org/W2152874686","https://openalex.org/W2154714821","https://openalex.org/W2154882403","https://openalex.org/W2166037158","https://openalex.org/W2166271455","https://openalex.org/W2167598996","https://openalex.org/W2169884912","https://openalex.org/W2170121699","https://openalex.org/W2744227432","https://openalex.org/W2951225967","https://openalex.org/W3121348761","https://openalex.org/W3122484243","https://openalex.org/W3122505739","https://openalex.org/W3125391576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3122860753","https://openalex.org/W4298557484","https://openalex.org/W7111196879","https://openalex.org/W3123601538","https://openalex.org/W7101108082","https://openalex.org/W7066120004","https://openalex.org/W2393547222","https://openalex.org/W7098974621","https://openalex.org/W2401378319","https://openalex.org/W2973193471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"estimate":[1],"the":[2,12,59,78,89],"public-private":[3,90],"sector":[4,26],"pay":[5,79,91],"gap":[6,92],"for":[7,44,47],"27":[8],"European":[9],"countries,":[10],"using":[11],"2008":[13],"EU":[14],"SILC.":[15],"The":[16],"coefficients":[17],"of":[18,58,81],"conditional":[19],"(on":[20],"personal":[21],"and":[22,39,72],"job":[23],"characteristics)":[24],"public":[25],"controls":[27],"give":[28],"a":[29,48],"first":[30],"impression":[31],"on":[32,68],"wage":[33],"differences,":[34],"while":[35],"decompositions":[36,66],"into":[37],"explained":[38],"unexplained":[40],"components":[41],"(also":[42],"accounting":[43],"selectivity)":[45],"allow":[46],"more":[49],"complete":[50],"analysis,":[51],"which":[52],"helps":[53],"to":[54,97],"identify":[55],"possible":[56],"causes":[57],"gap.":[60],"Regional":[61],"patterns":[62],"exist.":[63],"Separate":[64],"subsample":[65],"based":[67],"age,":[69],"education,":[70],"gender":[71],"occupation,":[73],"provide":[74],"interesting":[75],"insight":[76],"regarding":[77],"structure":[80],"each":[82],"country.":[83],"Quantile":[84],"decomposition":[85],"analyses":[86],"show":[87],"that":[88],"is,":[93],"generally,":[94],"negatively":[95],"related":[96],"income":[98],"quantiles.":[99],"J31,":[100],"J45,":[101],"J48":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}