{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145237479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","title":"Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts","display_name":"Potential molecular tools for assessing the public health risk associated with waterborne Cryptosporidium oocysts","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145237479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","mag":"2145237479","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154078021","display_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-2615","issn":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061039410","display_name":"Rajendra J. Kothavade","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270266","display_name":"EPCOR Utilities Inc. (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cf04v33","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270266"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajendra J. Kothavade","raw_affiliation_strings":["WQA Microbiology Lab, EPCOR, 10423 102 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"WQA Microbiology Lab, EPCOR, 10423 102 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T5H 0E8, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061039410"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405270266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6752,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4811828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"8","first_page":"1039","last_page":"1051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosporidium","display_name":"Cryptosporidium","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giardia","display_name":"Giardia","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oocyst-infectivity","display_name":"oocyst infectivity","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-specificity","display_name":"host specificity","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-genotyping","display_name":"molecular genotyping","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oocyst-viability","display_name":"oocyst viability","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterborne-protozoa","display_name":"waterborne protozoa","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drinking-water-treatment","display_name":"drinking water treatment","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uv-disinfection","display_name":"ultraviolet disinfection","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosporidiosis","display_name":"cryptosporidiosis","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waterborne-disease-risk","display_name":"waterborne disease risk","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality-monitoring","display_name":"water quality monitoring","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778877831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133078","display_name":"Cryptosporidium","level":3,"score":0.9749085307121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777271458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469628","display_name":"Giardia","level":2,"score":0.8719058036804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106358424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662346","display_name":"Infectivity","level":3,"score":0.766281008720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6754937171936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778566189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101274","display_name":"Protozoa","level":2,"score":0.5787792801856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5352758765220642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777795018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134734","display_name":"Cryptosporidium parvum","level":2,"score":0.4724070429801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.2202882170677185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61716771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496","display_name":"Feces","level":2,"score":0.19602930545806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.09902581572532654}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003458","descriptor_name":"Cryptosporidium","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004203","descriptor_name":"Disinfection","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005872","descriptor_name":"Giardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005872","descriptor_name":"Giardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010274","descriptor_name":"Parasitology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000469","qualifier_name":"parasitology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018508","descriptor_name":"Water Purification","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033661","descriptor_name":"Oocysts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.043158-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154078021","display_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","issn_l":"0022-2615","issn":["0022-2615","1473-5644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320497","host_organization_name":"Microbiology Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Microbiology Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Medical Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22628454","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22628454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of medical microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33525732","https://openalex.org/W143631477","https://openalex.org/W144454648","https://openalex.org/W1480087692","https://openalex.org/W1494391862","https://openalex.org/W1509678070","https://openalex.org/W1514941246","https://openalex.org/W1519593501","https://openalex.org/W1578369867","https://openalex.org/W1630731415","https://openalex.org/W1799977528","https://openalex.org/W1890372978","https://openalex.org/W1969078358","https://openalex.org/W1979410480","https://openalex.org/W1981021421","https://openalex.org/W1985976201","https://openalex.org/W1986572610","https://openalex.org/W1993000732","https://openalex.org/W1994012019","https://openalex.org/W1995956195","https://openalex.org/W1997002535","https://openalex.org/W1999296080","https://openalex.org/W2004135280","https://openalex.org/W2006309949","https://openalex.org/W2014508782","https://openalex.org/W2016926581","https://openalex.org/W2017940890","https://openalex.org/W2023667057","https://openalex.org/W2024988556","https://openalex.org/W2025629422","https://openalex.org/W2030107111","https://openalex.org/W2034451821","https://openalex.org/W2038246265","https://openalex.org/W2041141622","https://openalex.org/W2043693381","https://openalex.org/W2054390239","https://openalex.org/W2054970418","https://openalex.org/W2057480933","https://openalex.org/W2058193811","https://openalex.org/W2061748484","https://openalex.org/W2062603568","https://openalex.org/W2070282290","https://openalex.org/W2076017031","https://openalex.org/W2077752559","https://openalex.org/W2082686861","https://openalex.org/W2083383927","https://openalex.org/W2095471419","https://openalex.org/W2098388903","https://openalex.org/W2098590812","https://openalex.org/W2104577326","https://openalex.org/W2105275554","https://openalex.org/W2105431767","https://openalex.org/W2107030267","https://openalex.org/W2107461839","https://openalex.org/W2107913596","https://openalex.org/W2108252168","https://openalex.org/W2109210394","https://openalex.org/W2109685302","https://openalex.org/W2111781982","https://openalex.org/W2112163941","https://openalex.org/W2112717115","https://openalex.org/W2113173288","https://openalex.org/W2115182954","https://openalex.org/W2116477129","https://openalex.org/W2116906571","https://openalex.org/W2117329909","https://openalex.org/W2123052595","https://openalex.org/W2125159343","https://openalex.org/W2128908569","https://openalex.org/W2129697659","https://openalex.org/W2131240655","https://openalex.org/W2131877243","https://openalex.org/W2136378909","https://openalex.org/W2140008372","https://openalex.org/W2142878327","https://openalex.org/W2144647173","https://openalex.org/W2145146259","https://openalex.org/W2146853955","https://openalex.org/W2147892803","https://openalex.org/W2148199642","https://openalex.org/W2149922632","https://openalex.org/W2151678176","https://openalex.org/W2155761019","https://openalex.org/W2158629393","https://openalex.org/W2158894328","https://openalex.org/W2167617808","https://openalex.org/W2289126711","https://openalex.org/W2313260802","https://openalex.org/W2334039896","https://openalex.org/W2336542452","https://openalex.org/W2410765354","https://openalex.org/W3187206468","https://openalex.org/W4252935589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598218623","https://openalex.org/W7214681269","https://openalex.org/W2388048243","https://openalex.org/W2006309949","https://openalex.org/W3023762327","https://openalex.org/W7036133457","https://openalex.org/W2017820902","https://openalex.org/W7099304884","https://openalex.org/W2036322755","https://openalex.org/W7021007611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,172],"use":[1],"of":[2,17,21,104,166,303],"multiple":[3],"barrier":[4],"stages":[5,187],"at":[6,79,184],"water":[7,81,140,170,192],"and":[8,23,26,34,51,70,82,110,128,142,149,164,181,188,212,221,274,301],"wastewater":[9,83],"treatment":[10,46,84,92,186],"facilities":[11],"allows":[12],"for":[13,139,177,229,240,250,263,294],"the":[14,18,44,129,137,160,169,194,243,246,265,296],"effective":[15,121],"removal":[16],"vast":[19],"majority":[20],"coliforms":[22],"other":[24],"enteric":[25],"non-enteric":[27],"microbes.":[28],"Subsequent":[29],"disinfection":[30,75],"steps":[31],"(chlorine,":[32],"ozone":[33],"UV":[35,74],"irradiation)":[36],"are":[37,56,202],"utilized":[38],"to":[39,67,71,86,99,113,125,146,152,270,282],"inactivate":[40],"microbes":[41],"that":[42,157],"escape":[43],"preceding":[45],"stages.":[47],"Most":[48],"viruses,":[49],"bacteria":[50],"protozoa,":[52],"such":[53,107],"as":[54,108],"Giardia,":[55],"effectively":[57],"inactivated":[58],"by":[59],"chlorination;":[60],"however,":[61],"Cryptosporidium":[62,109,179,200,220,304],"is":[63,193,236,248,268],"relatively":[64],"more":[65],"resistant":[66],"environmental":[68],"conditions":[69],"chlorination.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"has":[76,135],"been":[77],"introduced":[78],"many":[80],"plants":[85],"increase":[87,131],"log":[88],"inactivation.":[89],"Any":[90],"accidental":[91],"failure":[93],"may":[94],"pose":[95],"a":[96,115],"significant":[97],"risk":[98,284],"public":[100,117,143,279],"health.":[101],"Waterborne":[102],"transmission":[103],"coccidian":[105],"parasites":[106],"Giardia":[111,182,222],"continues":[112],"be":[114],"major":[116],"health":[118,144,280],"concern.":[119],"No":[120],"therapies":[122],"currently":[123],"exist":[124],"treat":[126],"cryptosporidiosis":[127],"global":[130],"in":[132,168,189,208,232,257,272],"immunocompromised":[133],"populations":[134],"emphasized":[136],"need":[138],"utilities":[141],"laboratories":[145],"have":[147,254],"immediate":[148],"reliable":[150,239],"access":[151],"highly":[153],"sensitive":[154],"test":[155],"methods":[156,253,293],"can":[158],"determine":[159,283],"host":[161,210,297],"specificity,":[162],"viability":[163,300],"infectivity":[165,302],"protozoa":[167],"supply.":[171],"most":[173],"common":[174],"method":[175,238],"used":[176],"monitoring":[178],"oocysts":[180],"cysts":[183],"intermediate":[185],"finished":[190],"drinking":[191],"US":[195],"EPA":[196],"Method":[197,214],"1623.":[198],"Although":[199],"species":[201,228],"morphologically":[203],"indistinguishable,":[204],"they":[205],"differ":[206],"greatly":[207],"their":[209],"specificity":[211,298],"infectivity.":[213],"1623":[215],"provides":[216],"quantitative":[217],"information":[218],"about":[219],"contamination":[223],"but":[224],"cannot":[225],"distinguish":[226],"between":[227],"intervention":[230],"purposes":[231],"outbreak":[233],"situations,":[234],"nor":[235],"this":[237],"determining":[241,295],"whether":[242],"oocyst":[244],"on":[245,291],"slide":[247],"infective":[249],"humans.":[251],"Molecular":[252],"proven":[255],"valuable":[256],"diagnosing":[258],"infectious":[259],"diseases,":[260],"especially":[261],"those":[262],"which":[264],"causative":[266],"agent":[267],"difficult":[269],"grow":[271],"culture,":[273],"similar":[275],"tools":[276],"would":[277],"aid":[278],"agencies":[281],"associated":[285],"with":[286],"Cryptosporidium.":[287],"This":[288],"review":[289],"focuses":[290],"current":[292],"(genotyping),":[299],"oocysts.":[305]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
