{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145208958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","title":"Science, Policy, and the Transparency of Values","display_name":"Science, Policy, and the Transparency of Values","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145208958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","mag":"2145208958","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667564","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4080531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.1408107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.1408107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.1408107","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090683312","display_name":"Kevin C. Elliott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-7849","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-7849"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin C. Elliott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lyman Briggs College, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lyman Briggs College, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and Department of Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061129814","display_name":"David B. Resnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5139-9555"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095140","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Resnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090683312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":"7","first_page":"647","last_page":"650"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.23000000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13967","display_name":"Conservation, Ecology, Wildlife Education","score":0.23000000417232513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.18299999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11649","display_name":"Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare","score":0.14329999685287476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-objectivity","display_name":"scientific objectivity","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-judgments-in-science","display_name":"value judgments in science","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-of-interest","display_name":"conflicts of interest","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrine-disruptors","display_name":"endocrine disruptors","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-policy-interface","display_name":"science-policy interface","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standards-of-evidence","display_name":"evidence standards","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-science","display_name":"public trust in science","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disclosure-of-financial-interests","display_name":"disclosure of financial interests","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-communication","display_name":"science communication","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.7136123180389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780328347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904708","display_name":"Science policy","level":2,"score":0.4234585165977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37802353501319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36214643716812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2745000720024109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.17486539483070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09543439745903015}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005062","descriptor_name":"European Union","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006291","descriptor_name":"Health Policy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012586","descriptor_name":"Science","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016265","descriptor_name":"Conflict of Interest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033161","descriptor_name":"Government Regulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033181","descriptor_name":"Information Dissemination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D052244","descriptor_name":"Endocrine Disruptors","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.1408107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.1408107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3063121","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4080531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4080531","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4080531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environ Health Perspect","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24667564","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24667564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental health perspectives","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1289/ehp.1408107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408107","pdf_url":"https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/epdf/10.1289/ehp.1408107","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10446503","display_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","issn_l":"0091-6765","issn":["0091-6765","1552-9924"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319799","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319799","https://openalex.org/P4310316754"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","National Institutes of Health"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environmental Health Perspectives","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145208958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145208958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656978898","https://openalex.org/W1505796846","https://openalex.org/W1523865176","https://openalex.org/W1527452312","https://openalex.org/W1544945890","https://openalex.org/W1546030695","https://openalex.org/W1548933873","https://openalex.org/W1570384452","https://openalex.org/W1590922801","https://openalex.org/W1966302693","https://openalex.org/W1971332585","https://openalex.org/W1971741542","https://openalex.org/W2006072675","https://openalex.org/W2006455144","https://openalex.org/W2016025614","https://openalex.org/W2029962667","https://openalex.org/W2037604751","https://openalex.org/W2038200352","https://openalex.org/W2053141084","https://openalex.org/W2074879029","https://openalex.org/W2080218276","https://openalex.org/W2088142618","https://openalex.org/W2093947703","https://openalex.org/W2100969476","https://openalex.org/W2103339342","https://openalex.org/W2107708896","https://openalex.org/W2136732840","https://openalex.org/W2148977404","https://openalex.org/W2157636117","https://openalex.org/W2315617156","https://openalex.org/W2400585755","https://openalex.org/W2488865807","https://openalex.org/W2494018429","https://openalex.org/W2501567833","https://openalex.org/W2802156746","https://openalex.org/W3121453599","https://openalex.org/W4241512701","https://openalex.org/W4246577452","https://openalex.org/W4250005135","https://openalex.org/W4300559119","https://openalex.org/W4302767130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095543939","https://openalex.org/W2175653249","https://openalex.org/W2897685318","https://openalex.org/W3043768496","https://openalex.org/W7077290869","https://openalex.org/W3206615930","https://openalex.org/W2044066346","https://openalex.org/W2785721308","https://openalex.org/W2107708896","https://openalex.org/W2797471678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Opposing":[1],"groups":[2],"of":[3,58,62,92,132,151],"scientists":[4,40,122,144],"have":[5,95],"recently":[6],"engaged":[7],"in":[8,64,75],"a":[9,13,34,76,149,206],"heated":[10],"dispute":[11,115],"over":[12,116],"preliminary":[14],"European":[15],"Commission":[16],"(EC)":[17],"report":[18,119],"on":[19],"its":[20],"regulatory":[21,170],"policy":[22,47,84],"for":[23,71],"endocrine-disrupting":[24],"chemicals.":[25],"In":[26],"addition":[27],"to":[28,101,125,178,190,208,222],"the":[29,113,117,215,219],"scientific":[30,65,73,93,104,164,186,200],"issues":[31],"at":[32,173],"stake,":[33,174],"central":[35],"question":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"how":[39,121],"can":[41,182],"maintain":[42],"their":[43],"objectivity":[44,59,201],"when":[45,134],"informing":[46,135],"makers.":[48],"OBJECTIVES:":[49],"Drawing":[50],"from":[51,106,185],"current":[52,114],"ethical,":[53],"conceptual,":[54],"and":[55,60,83,89,157,160,168,202,212,226],"empirical":[56,90],"studies":[57,91,139],"conflicts":[61],"interest":[63],"research,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"guiding":[69],"principles":[70],"communicating":[72],"findings":[74],"manner":[77],"that":[78,97,143,180],"promotes":[79],"objectivity,":[80],"public":[81,136,203],"trust,":[82,204],"relevance.":[85],"DISCUSSION:":[86],"Both":[87],"conceptual":[88],"reasoning":[94],"shown":[96],"it":[98,175],"is":[99,166,176],"unrealistic":[100,177],"prevent":[102],"policy-relevant":[103],"research":[105],"being":[107],"influenced":[108,147],"by":[109,148],"value":[110,127],"judgments.":[111],"Conceptually,":[112],"EC":[118],"illustrates":[120],"are":[123,145,172],"forced":[124],"make":[126],"judgments":[128],"about":[129],"appropriate":[130],"standards":[131],"evidence":[133,142,165],"policy.":[137,227],"Empirical":[138],"provide":[140],"further":[141],"unavoidably":[146],"variety":[150],"potentially":[152],"subconscious":[153],"financial,":[154],"social,":[155],"political,":[156],"personal":[158],"interests":[159,194,211],"values.":[161],"CONCLUSIONS:":[162],"When":[163],"inconclusive":[167],"major":[169],"decisions":[171],"think":[179],"values":[181,196,213],"be":[183,218],"excluded":[184],"reasoning.":[187],"Thus,":[188],"efforts":[189],"suppress":[191],"or":[192,195],"hide":[193],"may":[197,217],"actually":[198],"damage":[199],"whereas":[205],"willingness":[207],"bring":[209],"implicit":[210],"into":[214],"open":[216],"best":[220],"path":[221],"promoting":[223],"good":[224],"science":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
