{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145199780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","title":"Seasonal Ammonia Emissions from a Free-Stall Dairy in Central Texas","display_name":"Seasonal Ammonia Emissions from a Free-Stall Dairy in Central Texas","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145199780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","mag":"2145199780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19583161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204350","display_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","issn_l":"1047-3289","issn":["1047-3289","1096-2247","2162-2906","2376-6026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045010560","display_name":"Saqib Mukhtar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-1733"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saqib Mukhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. mukhtar@tamu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. mukhtar@tamu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022841241","display_name":"Atilla Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-0863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-0863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atilla Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039880630","display_name":"Ronald E. Lacey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-259X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-259X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald E. Lacey","raw_affiliation_strings":["c Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054080169","display_name":"Calvin B Parnell Jr.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Calvin B. Parnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054080169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2833,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78797107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"613","last_page":"618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11821","display_name":"Odor and Emission Control Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11821","display_name":"Odor and Emission Control Technologies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1508","display_name":"Process Chemistry and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11311","display_name":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-emissions","display_name":"ammonia emissions","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-factors","display_name":"emission factors","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manure-decomposition","display_name":"manure decomposition","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manure-lagoons","display_name":"manure lagoons","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manure-composting","display_name":"manure composting","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality","display_name":"air quality","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux-chamber","display_name":"flux chamber","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemiluminescence","display_name":"chemiluminescence","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38304854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185716","display_name":"Manure","level":2,"score":0.7394657731056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7359534502029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.5478833913803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.5015256404876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933949","display_name":"Milking","level":2,"score":0.48870328068733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776977481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915","display_name":"Dairy cattle","level":2,"score":0.48833605647087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.3362944424152374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.24827566742897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20357421040534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11885100603103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000393","descriptor_name":"Air Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000397","descriptor_name":"Air Pollution","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003612","descriptor_name":"Dairying","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006799","descriptor_name":"Housing, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013781","descriptor_name":"Texas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204350","display_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","issn_l":"1047-3289","issn":["1047-3289","1096-2247","2162-2906","2376-6026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19583161","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19583161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.495.7272","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.495.7272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://caaqes.tamu.edu/Publications/nh3-freestalldairy-jawma_may09.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3155/1047-3289.59.5.513?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210204350","display_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","issn_l":"1047-3289","issn":["1047-3289","1096-2247","2162-2906","2376-6026"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903},{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332483","display_name":"Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145199780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2145199780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168675210","https://openalex.org/W1505971365","https://openalex.org/W1994966925","https://openalex.org/W2016850215","https://openalex.org/W2018048464","https://openalex.org/W2028952710","https://openalex.org/W2032780464","https://openalex.org/W2046885431","https://openalex.org/W2051253321","https://openalex.org/W2081271172","https://openalex.org/W2107165011","https://openalex.org/W2313271334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2260799659","https://openalex.org/W2313271334","https://openalex.org/W1963568392","https://openalex.org/W890894058","https://openalex.org/W1985154229","https://openalex.org/W2279863779","https://openalex.org/W2021805988","https://openalex.org/W4285736684","https://openalex.org/W7100048115","https://openalex.org/W1965962949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"show":[1],"that":[2],"agricultural":[3],"and":[4,42,85,90,124,157,197,207],"animal":[5],"feeding":[6],"operations":[7,36],"(AFOs)":[8],"contribute":[9],"a":[10,47,108],"considerable":[11],"amount":[12],"of":[13,32,40,107,194,201,212,230],"ammonia":[14],"(NH3)":[15],"to":[16,49,55,100,190],"the":[17,138,213,218,226,231],"atmosphere.":[18],"Agricultural":[19],"NH3":[20,41,51,58,60,102,116,127,171,215,233],"emissions":[21,39,61,117,216],"are":[22],"recognized":[23],"as":[24,143],"an":[25],"important":[26],"air":[27],"quality":[28],"issue.":[29],"Biological":[30],"decomposition":[31],"manure":[33,81,198,206],"from":[34,65,104,118],"dairy":[35,110,140,195,227],"results":[37],"in":[38,79,111,221],"other":[43],"gases.":[44],"There":[45],"is":[46],"need":[48],"determine":[50,101],"emission":[52],"factors":[53],"(EFs)":[54],"compile":[56],"annual":[57,170],"inventories.":[59],"should":[62],"be":[63],"estimated":[64,142,169],"different":[66,105],"ground-level":[67],"area":[68],"sources":[69],"(GLAS)":[70],"including":[71,115],"open-lots":[72],"(cows":[73,78],"on":[74],"earthen":[75],"corrals),":[76],"free-stalls":[77,208],"barns),":[80],"composting":[82],"sites,":[83],"primary":[84],"secondary":[86],"lagoons,":[87],"separated":[88],"solids,":[89],"milking":[91],"parlors.":[92],"A":[93],"protocol":[94],"using":[95,132],"flux":[96],"chambers":[97],"was":[98,173,188],"used":[99],"EFs":[103,136],"GLAS":[106,119],"free-stall":[109,139,183],"central":[112],"Texas.":[113],"Data":[114],"were":[120,130,141],"collected":[121],"during":[122],"winter":[123],"summer":[125,156],"seasons.":[126],"concentration":[128],"measurements":[129],"made":[131],"chemiluminescence-based":[133],"analyzers.":[134],"The":[135,168],"for":[137,155,166,181,217],"11":[144],"+/-":[145,159,175],"4.9":[146,160,176],"(confidence":[147],"interval":[148],"[CI])":[149],"kg-NH3":[150,161,177],"x":[151,153,162,164,178],"yr(-1)":[152,163,179],"head(-1)":[154,165,180],"4.7":[158],"winter.":[167],"EF":[172],"8.4":[174],"this":[182],"dairy.":[184],"This":[185],"seasonal":[186],"difference":[187],"attributed":[189],"temperature,":[191],"loading":[192],"rate":[193],"waste,":[196],"bacterial":[199],"activity":[200],"GLAS.":[202],"In":[203],"winter,":[204],"composted":[205],"contributed":[209,228],"nearly":[210],"77%":[211],"total":[214],"dairy;":[219],"however,":[220],"summer,":[222],"two":[223],"lagoons":[224],"at":[225],"65%":[229],"overall":[232],"emissions.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}