{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145149403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","title":"Light-emitting diodes with 17% external quantum efficiency at 622 Mb/s for high-bandwidth parallel short-distance optical interconnects","display_name":"Light-emitting diodes with 17% external quantum efficiency at 622 Mb/s for high-bandwidth parallel short-distance optical interconnects","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145149403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","mag":"2145149403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/2944.778275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192705446","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"1077-260X","issn":["1077-260X","1558-4542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077360950","display_name":"Reiner Windisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.H. Windisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023249810","display_name":"Alexander C. Knobloch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-5494","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-5494"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Knobloch","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035146033","display_name":"Jan Potemans","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Potemans","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091005332","display_name":"Barundeb Dutta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038867205","display_name":"G. H. D\u00f6hler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.H. Dohler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Erlangen-Nu\u00fcnberg, Erlangen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Erlangen-Nu\u00fcnberg, Erlangen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111687433","display_name":"G. Borghs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Borghs","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031879561","display_name":"Paul L. Heremans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-1718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2151-1718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.L. Heremans","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1376,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87092545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"166","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-quantum-efficiency","display_name":"external quantum efficiency","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-speed-optical-interconnects","display_name":"high-speed optical links","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rise-and-fall-time","display_name":"rise and fall time","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-diagram","display_name":"eye diagram","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-layer-thickness","display_name":"active layer thickness","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.8676092624664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.7871184349060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.7855512499809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.6667434573173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5554352402687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4452272951602936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4443325996398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.4206879138946533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.35676634311676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14626544713974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12555855512619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.11581239104270935}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/2944.778275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/2944.778275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192705446","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","issn_l":"1077-260X","issn":["1077-260X","1558-4542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322178","host_organization_name":"IEEE Photonics Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322178","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Photonics Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2528341924","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/57386","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981105624","https://openalex.org/W1983214133","https://openalex.org/W1983366973","https://openalex.org/W2013638002","https://openalex.org/W2014236213","https://openalex.org/W2028142173","https://openalex.org/W2041663921","https://openalex.org/W2065685138","https://openalex.org/W2073493112","https://openalex.org/W2083986404","https://openalex.org/W2089099319","https://openalex.org/W2144359158","https://openalex.org/W2147947714","https://openalex.org/W2229747730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535306313","https://openalex.org/W2065685138","https://openalex.org/W2043058368","https://openalex.org/W1972397931","https://openalex.org/W2528341924","https://openalex.org/W2052816173","https://openalex.org/W2519503967","https://openalex.org/W2280444254","https://openalex.org/W2101868333","https://openalex.org/W2122157178"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1,48],"on":[2,49],"nonresonant":[3],"cavity":[4],"light-emitting":[5],"diodes":[6],"(NRC-LED)":[7],"with":[8,26],"large":[9],"quantum":[10,17,70],"efficiencies":[11],"and":[12,34,52,79],"high":[13],"speed.":[14],"A":[15],"maximum":[16],"efficiency":[18,71],"of":[19,31,43,55,82,107,128],"31%":[20],"is":[21,119],"measured":[22],"for":[23,36,110],"a":[24,37,88,115],"device":[25,38],"an":[27,40],"active":[28,41],"layer":[29,42],"thickness":[30],"120":[32],"nm,":[33],"18.7%":[35],"having":[39],"30":[44],"nm.":[45],"Further,":[46],"we":[47],"optical":[50,111,125],"rise":[51,78],"fall":[53,80],"times":[54,81],"NRC-LEDs.":[56],"Even":[57],"when":[58],"switched":[59],"to":[60,121],"current":[61,95],"levels":[62],"below":[63],"4":[64],"mA,":[65],"at":[66,93,97],"which":[67],"the":[68,105,124],"external":[69],"exceeds":[72],"17%,":[73],"our":[74],"NRC-LEDs":[75,109,129],"have":[76],"10%-90%":[77],"less":[83],"than":[84],"2":[85],"ns.":[86],"As":[87],"result,":[89],"eye":[90],"diagrams":[91],"taken":[92],"this":[94],"level":[96],"622":[98],"Mb/s":[99],"are":[100],"wide":[101],"open.":[102],"This":[103],"demonstrates":[104],"suitability":[106],"high-efficiency":[108],"interconnects.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"from":[114],"system's":[116],"viewpoint":[117],"it":[118],"important":[120],"note":[122],"that":[123],"output":[126],"power":[127],"decreases":[130],"by":[131],"only":[132],"0.36%//spl":[133],"deg/C.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}