{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144256345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","title":"What We Didn\u2019t Learn Because of Who Would Not Talk to Us","display_name":"What We Didn\u2019t Learn Because of Who Would Not Talk to Us","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144256345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","mag":"2144256345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/104973299129122180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32648145","display_name":"Qualitative Health Research","issn_l":"1049-7323","issn":["1049-7323","1552-7557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Qualitative Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085159812","display_name":"Lisa Groger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Groger","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086513920","display_name":"Pamela S. Mayberry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela S. Mayberry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084626080","display_name":"Jane Straker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-5059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-5059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83328450","display_name":"Miami University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nbqxr67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane K. Straker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83328450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4400},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.148,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":158,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82109007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"6","first_page":"829","last_page":"835"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11981","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12880","display_name":"Qualitative Research Methods and Applications","score":0.1615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12679","display_name":"Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-bias","display_name":"sampling bias","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refusal-to-participate","display_name":"refusal to participate","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling-frame","display_name":"sampling frame","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-older-adults","display_name":"African American older adults","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-home-care","display_name":"nursing home care","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregivers","display_name":"caregivers","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-barriers","display_name":"institutional barriers","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3071551","display_name":"Pride","level":2,"score":0.8095721006393433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.6909870505332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198327121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7410163","display_name":"Sampling frame","level":3,"score":0.5980772376060486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.5973748564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.5389121174812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5025110244750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6672123","display_name":"Long-term care","level":2,"score":0.4721527099609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.4223061800003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3885863125324249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.38477060198783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3199722170829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.25262129306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17951735854148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12223038077354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0908803641796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/104973299129122180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129122180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32648145","display_name":"Qualitative Health Research","issn_l":"1049-7323","issn":["1049-7323","1552-7557"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Qualitative Health Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.ithaca.edu:scopus_articles-3342","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/scopus_articles/2343","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196817","display_name":"Digital Collections - Ithaca College Library (Ithaca College)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I87424562","host_organization_name":"Ithaca College","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87424562"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Articles Indexed in Scopus","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79229537","https://openalex.org/W2015478155","https://openalex.org/W2035264618","https://openalex.org/W2103101935","https://openalex.org/W2260317222","https://openalex.org/W2904927769","https://openalex.org/W2990634740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2328128562","https://openalex.org/W4233359320","https://openalex.org/W1976770523","https://openalex.org/W7208108558","https://openalex.org/W4377099786","https://openalex.org/W4389031043","https://openalex.org/W3027966104","https://openalex.org/W3166442178","https://openalex.org/W7118085226","https://openalex.org/W6945989183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Qualitative":[0],"researchers":[1,38],"relish":[2],"the":[3,14,61],"knowledge":[4],"derived":[5],"from":[6],"multiple":[7],"perspectives.":[8],"They":[9,76],"pride":[10],"themselves":[11],"on":[12],"capturing":[13],"complexity":[15],"of":[16,24,67,85,89,92,117],"their":[17,22,33,41],"informants\u2019":[18],"experiences,":[19],"they":[20,28],"savor":[21],"ways":[23],"describing":[25],"them,":[26],"and":[27,74,83,111],"build":[29],"models":[30,42],"grounded":[31],"in":[32,64],"narratives.":[34],"Seldom":[35],"do":[36],"qualitative":[37,79],"ponder":[39],"how":[40],"might":[43],"be":[44],"different":[45],"if":[46],"those":[47],"who":[48],"refused":[49],"to":[50,54,105],"participate":[51],"had":[52],"talked":[53],"them.":[55],"This":[56],"article":[57],"discusses":[58],"sampling":[59,107,118],"problems":[60],"authors":[62],"encountered":[63],"a":[65],"study":[66],"African":[68],"American":[69],"elders\u2019":[70],"long-term":[71],"care":[72],"choices":[73],"preferences.":[75],"conducted":[77],"60":[78],"interviews":[80],"with":[81],"elders":[82,86],"caregivers":[84],"receiving":[87],"one":[88],"three":[90],"types":[91],"care:":[93],"kin":[94],"care,":[95],"formal":[96],"services,":[97],"or":[98],"nursing":[99],"home":[100],"care.":[101],"Gatekeeper":[102],"bias,":[103],"refusals":[104],"participate,":[106],"frame,":[108],"pragmatic":[109],"constraints,":[110],"institutional":[112],"barriers":[113],"were":[114],"major":[115],"sources":[116],"bias.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
