{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144202032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","title":"Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants","display_name":"Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144202032","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","mag":"2144202032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187585107","display_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","issn_l":"1029-8479","issn":["1029-8479","1126-6708","1127-2236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038346430","display_name":"M. J. Duff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-5509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-5509","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-2059"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J Duff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan Center for Theoretical Physics, Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021297200","display_name":"Lev B. Okun","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116088","display_name":"Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/0238gz740","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116088"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lev B Okun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITEP, Moscow, 117218, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITEP, Moscow, 117218, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056215657","display_name":"GABRIELE VENEZIANO","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-4894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-4894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","display_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}],"countries":["CH","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Veneziano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Physique Th\u00e8orique, Universit\u00e8 Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France","Theory Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Physique Th\u00e8orique, Universit\u00e8 Paris Sud, 91405, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theory Division, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"USD","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9036,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":293,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96761515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2002","issue":"03","first_page":"023","last_page":"023"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.49219998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12516","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications","score":0.49219998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.22050000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.12240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundamental-physical-constants","display_name":"fundamental physical constants","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superstring-theory","display_name":"superstring theory","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-physics","display_name":"philosophy of physics","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437042","display_name":"Superstring theory","level":3,"score":0.7466281652450562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5837973952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780509477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267","display_name":"Cafeteria","level":2,"score":0.514514684677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.45637309551239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.45120158791542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39053213596343994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.36722397804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.34172558784484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3353821039199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2263733446598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1661163568496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13348954916000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116674579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193442","display_name":"Supersymmetry","level":2,"score":0.09749707579612732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0939616858959198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":10,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187585107","display_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","issn_l":"1029-8479","issn":["1029-8479","1126-6708","1127-2236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:physics/0110060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0110060","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0110060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:523965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/523965","pdf_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/523965/files/arXiv:physics_0110060.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.262.1088","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.262.1088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0110060v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.262.3463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.262.3463","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0110060v2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.262.3470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.262.3470","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0110060v3.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.419.3521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.419.3521","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.itep.ru/theor/persons/lab180/okun/em_17.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/49122","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/49122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/68451","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/68451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.physics/0110060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.physics/0110060","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.physics/0110060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187585107","display_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","issn_l":"1029-8479","issn":["1029-8479","1126-6708","1127-2236"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","ddh","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313559","display_name":"CERN","ror":"https://ror.org/01ggx4157"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh1ke95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144202032.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2144202032.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W40245366","https://openalex.org/W205866949","https://openalex.org/W310596402","https://openalex.org/W392002856","https://openalex.org/W573305491","https://openalex.org/W594081701","https://openalex.org/W1535487037","https://openalex.org/W1981977737","https://openalex.org/W1995869161","https://openalex.org/W2006688715","https://openalex.org/W2014006065","https://openalex.org/W2021127546","https://openalex.org/W2023083676","https://openalex.org/W2024972176","https://openalex.org/W2030799604","https://openalex.org/W2032219353","https://openalex.org/W2042815551","https://openalex.org/W2049868647","https://openalex.org/W2050551921","https://openalex.org/W2051870023","https://openalex.org/W2068629678","https://openalex.org/W2091089989","https://openalex.org/W2169145006","https://openalex.org/W2615354892","https://openalex.org/W2956145564","https://openalex.org/W2985125803","https://openalex.org/W3084324771","https://openalex.org/W3100901523","https://openalex.org/W4233000325","https://openalex.org/W4244176320","https://openalex.org/W4246104703","https://openalex.org/W4253789468"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1682668588","https://openalex.org/W1979302880","https://openalex.org/W3099531292","https://openalex.org/W4408292011","https://openalex.org/W3084324771","https://openalex.org/W4403004382","https://openalex.org/W3023693005","https://openalex.org/W7147136574","https://openalex.org/W24449964","https://openalex.org/W7098371613"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}