{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144202001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","title":"Characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis patients who fail to smear convert at two months in Sri Lanka","display_name":"Characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis patients who fail to smear convert at two months in Sri Lanka","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144202001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","mag":"2144202001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26392992","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4463095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5588/pha.12.0090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764825072","display_name":"Public Health Action","issn_l":"2220-8372","issn":["2220-8372"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319960","host_organization_name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Action","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2144202001"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003947586","display_name":"Wasantha Jayakody","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Jayakody","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086741205","display_name":"Anthony David Harries","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-9741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-9741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4210089966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124409","display_name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","ror":"https://ror.org/037x4qk98","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124409"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5922359","display_name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","ror":"https://ror.org/05s7dz794","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124409","https://openalex.org/I5922359"]}],"countries":["FR","GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. D. Harries","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; and Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4210124409","https://openalex.org/I5922359"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; and Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966","https://openalex.org/I4210124409","https://openalex.org/I5922359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028745079","display_name":"Sumit Malhotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-5700","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-5700"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63739035","display_name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02dwcqs71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210148677","https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63739035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110918552","display_name":"Sunil De Alwis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156914","display_name":"Ministry of Health, Nutrition and Indigenous Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/054pkye94","country_code":"LK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156914"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. de Alwis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156914"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086657599","display_name":"Sudath Samaraweera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-5788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5115-5788"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Samaraweera","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075475905","display_name":"Nirmalie Pallewatta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-1155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-1155"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Pallewatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases, Colombo, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80790668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":"26","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12578","display_name":"Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"pulmonary tuberculosis","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smear-positive-pulmonary-tuberculosis","display_name":"smear-positive tuberculosis","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycobacterium-tuberculosis-culture","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-susceptibility-testing","display_name":"drug susceptibility testing","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sri-lanka","display_name":"Sri Lanka","score":0.9919999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9391013383865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776301714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259346","display_name":"Sputum","level":3,"score":0.7412977814674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017649214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854","display_name":"Sri lanka","level":3,"score":0.7273316979408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.7074688076972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101077360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3278217","display_name":"Acid-fast","level":4,"score":0.5623011589050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908628106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Pulmonary tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.5233539938926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5012423992156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130971","display_name":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis","level":3,"score":0.4620494246482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35659217834472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1417568027973175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019281177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771405","display_name":"South asia","level":2,"score":0.07053539156913757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5588/pha.12.0090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764825072","display_name":"Public Health Action","issn_l":"2220-8372","issn":["2220-8372"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319960","host_organization_name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Action","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26392992","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26392992","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public health action","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4463095","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4463095/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Action","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fieldresearch.msf.org:10144/303540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://fieldresearch.msf.org/msf/handle/10144/303540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402090","display_name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres Field Research (Medecins Sans Frontieres)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210128224","host_organization_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5588/pha.12.0090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5588/pha.12.0090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764825072","display_name":"Public Health Action","issn_l":"2220-8372","issn":["2220-8372"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319960","host_organization_name":"International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319960"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Public Health Action","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W203186","https://openalex.org/W69769399","https://openalex.org/W90985260","https://openalex.org/W1982174616","https://openalex.org/W2031861928","https://openalex.org/W2052075603","https://openalex.org/W2071674041","https://openalex.org/W2097387720","https://openalex.org/W2153680447","https://openalex.org/W2307997912","https://openalex.org/W2410025719","https://openalex.org/W2424818849","https://openalex.org/W2760658616","https://openalex.org/W3009705041","https://openalex.org/W4229855342","https://openalex.org/W4245895196","https://openalex.org/W4292229870"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2980421581","https://openalex.org/W2086873459","https://openalex.org/W2117771185","https://openalex.org/W6931167135","https://openalex.org/W2418660715","https://openalex.org/W2054458920","https://openalex.org/W3030327996","https://openalex.org/W2071674041","https://openalex.org/W1982174616","https://openalex.org/W2553875693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SETTING:":[0],"Five":[1],"districts":[2],"in":[3,140],"Sri":[4],"Lanka.":[5],"OBJECTIVES:":[6],"To":[7],"determine:":[8],"1)":[9],"the":[10,105,150,155,210],"proportion":[11],"of":[12,51,61,85,101,108,122,149,154,175,212],"sputum":[13,81,92,128],"smear-positive":[14,63,115,159],"pulmonary":[15],"tuberculosis":[16,54,137],"(PTB)":[17],"cases":[18],"who":[19,43],"failed":[20],"to":[21,69,79,191],"smear":[22,45,176,192],"convert":[23,193],"at":[24,82,116,160,178,194],"2":[25,83,117,179,195],"months,":[26,84],"2)":[27],"their":[28],"management,":[29],"and":[30,35,57,98,131,135,153],"3)":[31],"whether":[32],"baseline":[33],"characteristics":[34,185],"final":[36],"treatment":[37,59,109,170,198],"outcomes":[38,171,199],"were":[39,77,89,110,164,172,186,203],"different":[40],"from":[41,67],"those":[42],"did":[44],"convert.":[46],"DESIGN:":[47],"Cross-sectional":[48],"retrospective":[49],"review":[50],"medical":[52],"files,":[53],"(TB)":[55],"registers":[56],"TB":[58],"records":[60],"new":[62],"PTB":[64],"patients":[65,157,202],"registered":[66],"January":[68],"December":[70],"2010.":[71],"RESULTS:":[72],"Of":[73],"925":[74],"patients,":[75,124],"840":[76],"available":[78],"submit":[80],"whom":[86],"137":[87,123],"(16%)":[88],"smear-positive.":[90],"Baseline":[91],"smears":[93],"showing":[94],"3+":[95],"acid-fast":[96],"bacilli":[97],"missing":[99],"doses":[100],"anti-tuberculosis":[102],"drugs":[103],"during":[104],"initial":[106,151],"phase":[107],"significantly":[111],"associated":[112],"with":[113],"being":[114],"months.":[118,182,196],"Management":[119],"was":[120,138],"poor:":[121],"46":[125],"(34%)":[126],"submitted":[127],"for":[129,189,200,209],"culture":[130,166],"drug":[132],"susceptibility":[133],"testing":[134],"Mycobacterium":[136],"cultured":[139],"six":[141],"cases;":[142],"120":[143],"(88%)":[144],"received":[145],"a":[146],"1-month":[147],"extension":[148],"phase,":[152],"30":[156],"still":[158],"3":[161,181],"months":[162],"there":[163],"no":[165],"results":[167],"available.":[168],"Final":[169],"similar,":[173],"regardless":[174],"conversion":[177],"or":[180],"CONCLUSION:":[183],"Certain":[184],"risk":[187],"factors":[188],"failure":[190],"However,":[197],"all":[201],"good.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"have":[207],"implications":[208],"modification":[211],"national":[213],"programme":[214],"recommendations.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
