{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144196865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","title":"Electromyogram signal based human emotion classification using KNN and LDA","display_name":"Electromyogram signal based human emotion classification using KNN and LDA","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144196865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","mag":"2144196865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087891","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083119779","display_name":"M. Murugappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-4589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-4589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65079550","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Perlis","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkb790","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Murugappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pedis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Ulu Pauh, Arau, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pedis, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600, Ulu Pauh, Arau, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083119779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65079550"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0679,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93986637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"electromyography","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"discrete wavelet transform","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band-features","display_name":"frequency band features","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"linear discriminant analysis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"emotion recognition","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.7874206304550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6384111642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6366277933120728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.6357868909835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6006015539169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5036241412162781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.47946202754974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47304075956344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.4508138597011566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.341945081949234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25907349586486816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2011.5993430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087891","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on System Engineering and Technology","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499007313","https://openalex.org/W1516828684","https://openalex.org/W2004895928","https://openalex.org/W2028616758","https://openalex.org/W2032254851","https://openalex.org/W2078671978","https://openalex.org/W2079277602","https://openalex.org/W2095905361","https://openalex.org/W2126292754","https://openalex.org/W2127511193","https://openalex.org/W2129270900","https://openalex.org/W2133925414","https://openalex.org/W2138492448","https://openalex.org/W2139831917","https://openalex.org/W2154431390","https://openalex.org/W2158411555","https://openalex.org/W2163396373","https://openalex.org/W2164368909","https://openalex.org/W2177642236","https://openalex.org/W3147649233","https://openalex.org/W3150479828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314950786","https://openalex.org/W2088607163","https://openalex.org/W2150880403","https://openalex.org/W2906972881","https://openalex.org/W4400951282","https://openalex.org/W2095905361","https://openalex.org/W134599819","https://openalex.org/W1997854409","https://openalex.org/W2123748114","https://openalex.org/W2235436193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"presents":[4],"Electromyogram":[5],"(EMG)":[6],"signal":[7],"based":[8],"human":[9],"emotion":[10,58],"classification":[11,134,145,164],"using":[12,51,62,94,114,184],"K":[13,126],"Nearest":[14],"Neighbor":[15],"(KNN)":[16],"and":[17,32,36,59,69,89,121,132,153,157,171,177,179,186,196],"Linear":[18],"Discriminant":[19],"Analysis":[20],"(LDA).":[21],"Five":[22],"most":[23],"dominating":[24],"emotions":[25,38,113,149,156],"such":[26,118],"as:":[27],"happy,":[28,151,168],"disgust,":[29,167],"fear,":[30],"sad":[31,160,172],"neutral":[33],"are":[34,39,48,108,173,182,194,198],"considered":[35],"these":[37],"induced":[40],"through":[41],"Audio-visual":[42],"stimuli":[43,204],"(video":[44],"clips).":[45],"EMG":[46,72],"signals":[47,73],"obtained":[49],"by":[50,61,201],"3":[52],"electrodes":[53],"over":[54],"10":[55],"trials":[56],"per":[57],"preprocessed":[60],"Butterworth":[63],"6thorder":[64],"filter":[65],"to":[66,206],"remove":[67],"noises":[68],"external":[70],"interferences.":[71],"on":[74,147,159],"decomposed":[75],"into":[76,110],"four":[77,148],"different":[78,112,155,202],"frequency":[79,106],"ranges":[80],"((8":[81],"Hz-":[82,86,91],"16":[83],"Hz),":[84],"(16":[85,90],"31":[87],"Hz)":[88],"63":[92],"Hz))":[93],"Discrete":[95],"Wavelet":[96],"Transform":[97],"(DWT).":[98],"The":[99,123,162,188],"ststistical":[100],"features":[101],"extracted":[102],"from":[103,190],"the":[104,143,191],"above":[105],"bands":[107],"mapped":[109],"five":[111],"two":[115],"simple":[116],"classifiers":[117],"as":[119],"KNN":[120,128,140,185],"LDA.":[122,187],"value":[124],"of":[125,166],"in":[127],"is":[129,136],"varied":[130],"randomly,":[131],"maximum":[133,163],"rate":[135,146,165],"achieved":[137,183],"at":[138],"K=3.":[139],"classifier":[141],"gives":[142],"highest":[144],"(disgust,":[150],"fear":[152,169],"neutral)":[154],"LDA":[158],"emotion.":[161],"neutral,":[170],"90.83%,":[174],"100%,":[175],"94.17%,":[176],"90.28%":[178],"43.89%,":[180],"respectively":[181],"results":[189],"proposed":[192],"methodology":[193],"promising":[195],"female":[197],"easily":[199],"evoked":[200],"emotional":[203],"compared":[205],"male.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}