{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144166137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","title":"Environmental Biochemistry of Chromium","display_name":"Environmental Biochemistry of Chromium","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144166137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","mag":"2144166137","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8029492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142997639","display_name":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0179-5953","issn":["0179-5953","2197-6554"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298218725","display_name":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073663336","display_name":"M. E. Losi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. E. Losi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521","Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110247601","display_name":"Christopher Amrhein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Amrhein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108272434","display_name":"W. T. Frankenberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. T. Frankenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, 92521, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":{"value":3990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3791,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":348,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9037037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11972","display_name":"Chromium effects and bioremediation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13793","display_name":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium","display_name":"chromium","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexavalent-chromium","display_name":"hexavalent chromium","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cr-iii","display_name":"trivalent chromium","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-speciation","display_name":"chromium speciation","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-toxicity","display_name":"chromium toxicity","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-reduction","display_name":"chromium reduction","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreduction","display_name":"bioreduction","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-leaching","display_name":"chromium leaching","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-contamination","display_name":"groundwater contamination","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromium-complexes","display_name":"chromium complexes","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese-dioxide-oxidation","display_name":"manganese dioxide oxidation","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essential-trace-elements","display_name":"essential trace elements","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-waste-pollution","display_name":"industrial waste pollution","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-and-water-contamination","display_name":"soil and water contamination","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.8527513146400452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77176794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187689","display_name":"Oxidizing agent","level":2,"score":0.6826573610305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.6294294595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2124996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816441","display_name":"Bioremediation","level":3,"score":0.5317439436912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4437609612941742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.44259345531463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.4294777512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.3714868426322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.360435426235199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22805744409561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13780051469802856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.10486733913421631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09011778235435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001669","descriptor_name":"Biochemical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001671","descriptor_name":"Biochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001711","descriptor_name":"Biotransformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004783","descriptor_name":"Environmental Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004785","descriptor_name":"Environmental Pollutants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009751","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Requirements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010944","descriptor_name":"Plants","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012987","descriptor_name":"Soil","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014874","descriptor_name":"Water Pollutants, Chemical","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142997639","display_name":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","issn_l":"0179-5953","issn":["0179-5953","2197-6554"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmid:8029492","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8029492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":92,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29710532","https://openalex.org/W55109766","https://openalex.org/W75575812","https://openalex.org/W213233939","https://openalex.org/W246530778","https://openalex.org/W272310232","https://openalex.org/W334200571","https://openalex.org/W631502107","https://openalex.org/W1004698015","https://openalex.org/W1504453837","https://openalex.org/W1506623551","https://openalex.org/W1512952934","https://openalex.org/W1516461961","https://openalex.org/W1543064048","https://openalex.org/W1549107891","https://openalex.org/W1666524786","https://openalex.org/W1964486363","https://openalex.org/W1964561312","https://openalex.org/W1965989676","https://openalex.org/W1966135747","https://openalex.org/W1966513219","https://openalex.org/W1969383504","https://openalex.org/W1970922186","https://openalex.org/W1971110423","https://openalex.org/W1971545493","https://openalex.org/W1972076075","https://openalex.org/W1973458929","https://openalex.org/W1979475446","https://openalex.org/W1981017763","https://openalex.org/W1986500703","https://openalex.org/W1988606279","https://openalex.org/W1993802985","https://openalex.org/W1996752951","https://openalex.org/W1998235725","https://openalex.org/W1999892197","https://openalex.org/W2001629444","https://openalex.org/W2005178114","https://openalex.org/W2006891186","https://openalex.org/W2007614181","https://openalex.org/W2015336786","https://openalex.org/W2020751713","https://openalex.org/W2023110104","https://openalex.org/W2029504658","https://openalex.org/W2029826057","https://openalex.org/W2038828637","https://openalex.org/W2039078568","https://openalex.org/W2039673899","https://openalex.org/W2039817406","https://openalex.org/W2042552267","https://openalex.org/W2044170398","https://openalex.org/W2048108538","https://openalex.org/W2054448086","https://openalex.org/W2055031810","https://openalex.org/W2055418762","https://openalex.org/W2057537809","https://openalex.org/W2060621505","https://openalex.org/W2060663841","https://openalex.org/W2065387926","https://openalex.org/W2073191846","https://openalex.org/W2074086217","https://openalex.org/W2078537787","https://openalex.org/W2079196059","https://openalex.org/W2082374730","https://openalex.org/W2083719610","https://openalex.org/W2084143571","https://openalex.org/W2084193723","https://openalex.org/W2089292627","https://openalex.org/W2090571638","https://openalex.org/W2091076731","https://openalex.org/W2093851396","https://openalex.org/W2095133497","https://openalex.org/W2132399049","https://openalex.org/W2134801191","https://openalex.org/W2145090528","https://openalex.org/W2149890953","https://openalex.org/W2153088435","https://openalex.org/W2164216458","https://openalex.org/W2167662504","https://openalex.org/W2168686473","https://openalex.org/W2270186070","https://openalex.org/W2280564438","https://openalex.org/W2401056659","https://openalex.org/W2468539774","https://openalex.org/W2476382435","https://openalex.org/W2493319784","https://openalex.org/W2505868163","https://openalex.org/W2526234547","https://openalex.org/W2626467190","https://openalex.org/W2913169915","https://openalex.org/W4241556309","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6637569677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7125419997","https://openalex.org/W4238896171","https://openalex.org/W2171738272","https://openalex.org/W2091076731","https://openalex.org/W51373094","https://openalex.org/W3117034843","https://openalex.org/W4292377229","https://openalex.org/W2603823411","https://openalex.org/W6903263357","https://openalex.org/W4254449193"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
