{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2143555428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","title":"High-Integrity Protection Systems (HIPS): Methods and Tools for Efficient Safety Integrity Levels Analysis and Calculations","display_name":"High-Integrity Protection Systems (HIPS): Methods and Tools for Efficient Safety Integrity Levels Analysis and Calculations","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2143555428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","mag":"2143555428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4043/18504-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109147584","display_name":"Jean Pierre Signoret","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jean Pierre Signoret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Total"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Total","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109147584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1695,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95718363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.031099999323487282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.0052999998442828655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-integrity-level","display_name":"safety integrity level","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61508","display_name":"IEC 61508","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61511","display_name":"IEC 61511","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-instrumented-systems","display_name":"safety instrumented systems","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-industry","display_name":"oil and gas industry","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-trees","display_name":"fault trees","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-nets","display_name":"Petri nets","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-of-failure-on-demand","display_name":"probability of failure on demand","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-taxonomy","display_name":"failure taxonomy","score":0.421999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138267214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060017","display_name":"IEC 61508","level":3,"score":0.9524015188217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7584437131881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.6190233826637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.559738039970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.5193499326705933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.4915400445461273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780234205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281276","display_name":"Safety case","level":2,"score":0.42781150341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.29874086380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.151433527469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4043/18504-ms","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4043/18504-ms","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306521389","display_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Offshore Technology Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090339439","https://openalex.org/W1549542421","https://openalex.org/W2622104839","https://openalex.org/W4405901229","https://openalex.org/W7196935468","https://openalex.org/W659556975","https://openalex.org/W2090211019","https://openalex.org/W2602653798","https://openalex.org/W2371346166","https://openalex.org/W1969052454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,82,410],"paper":[2,83,411],"shows":[3],"how":[4],"to":[5,37,97,163,174,205,215,224,263,354,360,380,386,420],"deal":[6],"properly":[7,112],"with":[8,362],"\"Safety":[9],"Integrity":[10,23,258,273],"Levels\"":[11],"(SIL)":[12],"as":[13],"per":[14,334],"IEC":[15,43,70,198,264,267],"61508":[16,71,199,265],"[1]":[17],"and":[18,30,60,88,134,212,246,266,298,307,309,330,376,382,390,417],"61511":[19,268],"[2]":[20],"for":[21,73,78,117,130,218],"\"High":[22],"Protection":[24,259],"Systems\"":[25],"(HIPS)":[26],"which":[27,124,149,319],"are":[28,45,106,114,156,244,302,393,405],"more":[29,31,245,247,351],"extensively":[32],"used":[33],"in":[34,66,94,152,161,186,241,352,369],"oil":[35,234,371],"industry":[36],"replace":[38,206],"traditional":[39,237],"protection":[40,238],"systems.":[41,81,220],"If":[42],"61508/511":[44],"rather":[46],"efficient":[47,116,151],"from":[48],"an":[49,194],"organizational":[50],"point":[51],"of":[52,69,167,193,313,325,332],"view,":[53],"some":[54,283],"difficulties":[55,284],"unfortunately":[56],"exist":[57],"at":[58],"definition":[59],"calculation":[61],"levels.":[62],"The":[63],"formulae":[64],"proposed":[65,185],"part":[67,200],"6":[68],"are,":[72],"example,":[74],"not":[75,321],"really":[76],"tractable":[77,128],"actual":[79],"industrial":[80],"describes":[84],"the":[85,99,165,168,187,191,233,236,254,299,303,314,341,345,363,370,387],"probabilistic":[86],"methods":[87,105,211,416],"tools":[89,213,418],"that":[90,176],"we":[91,357],"have":[92,222,358],"developed":[93],"our":[95,229],"company":[96],"overcome":[98],"above":[100,281],"difficulties.":[101],"Three":[102],"main":[103,300],"conventional":[104,210],"investigated:":[107],"\"Fault":[108],"Trees\"":[109],"which,":[110],"when":[111,279],"handled,":[113],"very":[115,131],"low":[118,421],"demand":[119,396,422],"topside":[120,389],"HIPS,":[121],"markovian":[122],"approach":[123],"is":[125,150,172,180,184,320,412],"interesting":[126,173],"but":[127],"only":[129],"small":[132],"systems":[133,400],"Monte":[135],"Carlo":[136],"simulation":[137],"on":[138,158,327,415],"behavioural":[139],"models":[140],"(Petri":[141],"Nets":[142],"or":[143],"AltaRica":[144],"Data":[145],"Flow":[146],"formal":[147],"language)":[148],"any":[153],"cases.":[154],"Results":[155],"given":[157],"simple":[159],"examples":[160],"order":[162],"show":[164,355],"principles":[166],"various":[169,364],"approaches.":[170],"It":[171],"notice":[175],"using":[177,280],"those":[178,293],"approaches":[179,227],"simpler":[181],"than":[182],"what":[183,356],"standards.":[188],"Therefore,":[189,261],"until":[190],"publication":[192],"updated":[195],"version":[196],"improving":[197],"6,":[201],"it":[202,207],"seems":[203],"better":[204],"by":[208,250,292],"sound":[209],"adapted":[214],"SIL":[216,296,365],"calculations":[217],"production":[219],"We":[221],"began":[223],"disseminate":[225],"this":[226],"toward":[228],"contractors.":[230],"Introduction":[231],"In":[232],"industry,":[235],"systems0":[239],"defined":[240],"API":[242],"14C":[243],"often":[248,289],"replaced":[249],"safety0":[251],"instrumented":[252,399],"systems:":[253],"so-called":[255,394,406],"HIPS":[256,373,378,392,404],"(High":[257],"Systems).":[260],"according":[262],"Standards,":[269],"their":[270],"SILs":[271],"(Safety":[272],"Levels)":[274],"shall":[275],"be":[276,349],"calculated":[277],"Unfortunately,":[278],"standards":[282,388],"arises":[285],"[3,":[286],"4].":[287],"They":[288],"remain":[290],"ignored":[291],"who":[294],"perform":[295],"studies":[297],"ones":[301],"next:insufficient":[304],"failure":[305,316],"taxonomy":[306],"definitions,tests":[308],"maintenance":[310],"procedures":[311],"handling,introduction":[312],"Safe":[315],"Fraction":[317],"(SFF)":[318],"a":[322],"relevant":[323],"concept,probability":[324],"Failure":[326,333],"Demand":[328],"(PFD)":[329],"Probability":[331],"Hour":[335],"(PFH)":[336],"Calculations.":[337],"After":[338],"presenting":[339],"briefly":[340],"3":[342],"first":[343],"problems,":[344],"4th":[346],"one":[347],"will":[348],"detailed":[350],"depth":[353],"done":[359],"cope":[361],"assessment":[366],"problems":[367],"encountered":[368],"industry:topside":[372],"easily":[374],"tested":[375],"maintained,subsea":[377],"difficult":[379],"test":[381],"maintain,preventive":[383],"HIPS.":[384,424],"According":[385],"subsea":[391],"\"low":[395],"mode\"":[397],"safety":[398],"(SIS)":[401],"while":[402],"preventive":[403],"\"continuous\"":[407],"mode":[408,423],"SIS.":[409],"mainly":[413],"focused":[414],"devoted":[419]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}