{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142829934","doi":null,"title":"Evidence for the Cognitive Role of Space on an Algebraic Production Task","display_name":"Evidence for the Cognitive Role of Space on an Algebraic Production Task","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142829934","mag":"2142829934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt6r752818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 28, iss 28","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029222386","display_name":"Robert L. Goldstone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-8358","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-8358","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6238-4386"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Goldstone","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2021Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8357-8358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078074153","display_name":"David H. Landy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-6379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-6379","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-7679"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Landy","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2021Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2212-6379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20211033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"28","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.3644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11345","display_name":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","score":0.3644999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.24799999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.05689999833703041,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-notation","display_name":"mathematical notation","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptual-grouping","display_name":"perceptual grouping","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator-precedence","display_name":"operator precedence","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-equations","display_name":"word equations","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagrammatic-notation","display_name":"diagrammatic notation","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-classification","display_name":"semantic classification","score":0.42800000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.504892885684967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.47577252984046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.4638277292251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106624574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270387","display_name":"Diagrammatic reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4396052062511444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42117559909820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.39615803956985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3847963511943817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38198453187942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.37651342153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3433980941772461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.32346171140670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13601166009902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt6r752818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 28, iss 28","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt6r752818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Goldstone, Robert L.; &amp; Landy, David. (2006). Evidence for the Cognitive Role of Space on an Algebraic Production Task. Proceedings of the Cognitive Science Society, 28(28). Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2142829934","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt6r752818/qt6r752818.pdf?t=op2lga","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306523994","display_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt6r752818","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","pdf_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6r752818","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, vol 28, iss 28","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4987417611","display_name":"Grounded and Transferable Knowledge of Complex Systems Using Computer Simulations","funder_award_id":"0527920","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332210","display_name":"Institute of Education Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04et59085"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2142829934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2142829934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060565253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W206495438","https://openalex.org/W1968809145","https://openalex.org/W7099512016","https://openalex.org/W2328729851","https://openalex.org/W234546729","https://openalex.org/W7096537273","https://openalex.org/W7095495370","https://openalex.org/W2285206290","https://openalex.org/W2767449960","https://openalex.org/W92444579"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evidence":[0],"for":[1],"the":[2,104,190,209,230,234,259,262,299,381],"Cognitive":[3],"Role":[4],"of":[5,16,31,50,106,145,201,233,254,261,267,331,363,366,412],"Space":[6],"on":[7,108,251,264,283],"an":[8,255,316],"Algebraic":[9],"Production":[10],"Task":[11],"David":[12],"Landy":[13,72],"(dlandy@indiana.edu)":[14],"Department":[15,30,362],"Computer":[17],"Science,":[18],"Lindley":[19],"Hall,":[20],"215":[21],"Bloomington,":[22,40],"IN":[23,41],"47401":[24,42],"USA":[25,43],"Robert":[26],"L.":[27],"Goldstone":[28,74],"(rgoldsto@indiana.edu)":[29],"Psychological":[32],"and":[33,58,65,174,204,249,270,280,287,312,339,348,371,395,437],"Brain":[34],"Sciences,":[35],"1101":[36],"East":[37],"Tenth":[38],"Street":[39],"ANOVA,":[44],"there":[45],"was":[46,215,359],"a":[47,59,113,135,142,199,304,323,450,462],"significant":[48,60],"effect":[49,105],"operator":[51,63,66,240,289,396],"structure":[52,64],"(mixed":[53],"vs.":[54],"single-op;":[55],"F(1,890)=22.1,":[56],"p<0.001),":[57],"interaction":[61,391],"between":[62,258,278,392],"(F(1,890)":[67],"=":[68,271],"21.39,":[69],"p<0.001).":[70],"Introduction":[71],"&":[73,194,422],"(submitted)":[75],"argue":[76],"that":[77,150,161,175,301,318,329,346],"although":[78],"sentential":[79],"notations":[80,86],"are":[81,313,341,351],"traditionally":[82],"contrasted":[83],"with":[84,298,315,327],"diagrammatic":[85],"(e.g.,":[87],"Stenning,":[88,431],"2002),":[89],"syntax":[90,109,310,340],"in":[91,134,152,189,308,405,439],"algebra":[92],"may":[93,111],"be":[94,112,167,180,403],"directly":[95],"interpreted":[96],"through":[97],"perceptual":[98,139,324],"grouping":[99,107,133,151,302,338],"mechanisms":[100],"(Koffka,":[101],"1935).":[102],"However,":[103],"perception":[110],"purely":[114],"\u201cfront-":[115],"end\u201d":[116],"phenomenon,":[117],"affecting":[118],"performance":[119],"but":[120],"irrelevant":[121],"to":[122,207,222,228,322,442,449],"underlying":[123],"mathematical":[124,309,354],"competence.":[125],"We":[126,158],"tested":[127],"this":[128],"possibility":[129,300],"by":[130,361],"exploring":[131],"spontaneous":[132],"production":[136],"task.":[137],"If":[138],"groupings":[140],"formed":[141],"deep":[143,305],"part":[144],"syntax,":[146],"reasoners":[147],"might":[148],"replicate":[149],"physical":[153,347],"space":[154],"when":[155,186,337],"producing":[156],"equations.":[157,212,292],"predict,":[159],"therefore":[160],"terms":[162],"around":[163,172,177,184,387],"equals":[164,388],"signs":[165,272,394],"will":[166,179],"more":[168,335],"widely":[169],"spaced":[170],"than":[171,182,456],"operators,":[173],"spaces":[176,386,458],"additions":[178],"larger":[181,455],"those":[183],"multiplications,":[185],"both":[187,247],"appear":[188],"same":[191],"expression.":[192],"Experiment":[193],"Results":[195,379],"39":[196],"participants":[197],"read":[198],"page":[200],"word":[202],"equations":[203],"were":[205,219,273,296,454],"asked":[206,221],"write":[208,229],"corresponding":[210],"Arabic-numeral":[211],"Physical":[213],"spacing":[214,320],"not":[216,220],"mentioned.":[217],"Participants":[218,383],"compute":[223],"any":[224],"actual":[225],"values,":[226],"only":[227,238],"expressions.":[231],"Half":[232],"32":[235],"expressions":[236],"contained":[237,246],"one":[239,252],"type":[241],"(+":[242],"or":[243],"*),":[244],"half":[245],"+":[248],"*":[250],"side":[253,266],"equality.":[256],"Spaces":[257],"insides":[260],"numerals":[263],"either":[265],"+,":[268],"*,":[269],"measured.":[274],"Figure":[275,377],"2:":[276],"Difference":[277],"addition":[279],"multiplication":[281],"spacings":[282,453],"single-operator":[284],"(vertical":[285],"axis)":[286,291],"mixed-":[288],"(horizontal":[290],"Conclusions":[293],"Spacing":[294],"productions":[295],"consistent":[297],"plays":[303],"cognitive":[306],"role":[307],"processing,":[311],"inconsistent":[314],"account":[317],"attributes":[319],"effects":[321],"\u2018front-end\u2019.":[325],"Together":[326],"evidence":[328],"order":[330],"precedence":[332],"is":[333,398,428],"processed":[334],"easily":[336],"aligned,":[342],"these":[343],"result":[344],"indicate":[345],"semantic":[349],"groups":[350],"aligned":[352],"throughout":[353],"processing.":[355],"Acknowledgments":[356],"This":[357],"research":[358],"funded":[360],"Education,":[364],"Institute":[365],"Education":[367],"Sciences":[368],"grant":[369,374],"R305H050116,":[370],"NSF":[372],"REC":[373],"0527920.":[375],"References":[376],"1:":[378],"from":[380],"experiment.":[382],"produced":[384],"wide":[385],"signs.":[389],"The":[390],"addition/multiplication":[393],"\u2018mixing\u2019":[397],"also":[399],"significant,":[400],"as":[401],"can":[402],"seen":[404],"figure":[406],"2.":[407],"Koffka,":[408],"K":[409,432],"(1935).":[410],"Principles":[411],"Gestalt":[413],"Psychology.":[414],"New":[415],"York:":[416],"Harcourt":[417],"Brace":[418],"Jovanovich.":[419],"Landy,":[420],"D.":[421],"Goldstone,":[423],"R.":[424],"(submitted).":[425],"How":[426],"abstract":[427],"symbolic":[429],"thought?":[430],"(2002).":[433],"Seeing":[434],"Reason:":[435],"image":[436],"language":[438],"learning":[440],"how":[441],"think.":[443],"Oxford":[444],"University":[445],"Press:":[446],"Oxford.":[447],"According":[448],"t-test,":[451],"\u2018=\u2019":[452],"\u2018+\u2019":[457],"(t=-5.61,":[459],"p<0.0001).":[460],"By":[461],"2-way":[463],"within-participant":[464]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}