{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142726412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","title":"Coh-Metrix Measures Text Characteristics at Multiple Levels of Language and Discourse","display_name":"Coh-Metrix Measures Text Characteristics at Multiple Levels of Language and Discourse","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142726412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","mag":"2142726412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/678293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182159023","display_name":"The Elementary School Journal","issn_l":"0013-5984","issn":["0013-5984","1554-8279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Elementary School Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013026620","display_name":"Arthur C. Graesser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-6866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-6866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur C. Graesser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis","University of Memphis#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081661094","display_name":"Danielle S. McNamara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-1420","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-1420"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle S. McNamara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044898581","display_name":"Zhiqang Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis","University of Memphis#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114248919","display_name":"Mark W. Conley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Conley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis","University of Memphis#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101583138","display_name":"Haiying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-6137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-6137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Memphis","University of Memphis#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Memphis#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062276512","display_name":"James W. Pennebaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-214X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-214X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Pennebaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas, Austin","University of Texas at Austin#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":55.686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":199,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9986756,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"2","first_page":"210","last_page":"229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coh-metrix","display_name":"Coh-Metrix","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-features","display_name":"text features","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrativity","display_name":"narrativity","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntactic-complexity","display_name":"syntactic complexity","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-concreteness","display_name":"word concreteness","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referential-cohesion","display_name":"referential cohesion","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-inquiry-and-word-count","display_name":"LIWC","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-complexity","display_name":"text complexity","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grade-level","display_name":"grade level","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-text-analysis","display_name":"computational text analysis","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-reading","display_name":"elementary school reading","score":0.3409999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.8206399083137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778436841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159081","display_name":"Concreteness","level":2,"score":0.7511141896247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780787791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966232","display_name":"Narrativity","level":3,"score":0.6215588450431824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6068375110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5877681970596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777159308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757948","display_name":"Formality","level":2,"score":0.5621410608291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5455945134162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.42339402437210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4218662679195404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3503350019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.2924678325653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.17780500650405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/678293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/678293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S182159023","display_name":"The Elementary School Journal","issn_l":"0013-5984","issn":["0013-5984","1554-8279"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Elementary School Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:2727255806","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED566390.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306511666","display_name":"Grantee Submission","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Grantee Submission","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126938567","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W822067931","https://openalex.org/W1482892933","https://openalex.org/W1483155202","https://openalex.org/W1496972067","https://openalex.org/W1505894463","https://openalex.org/W1530186825","https://openalex.org/W1536274117","https://openalex.org/W1559992337","https://openalex.org/W1596001070","https://openalex.org/W1603889988","https://openalex.org/W1612272928","https://openalex.org/W1674947250","https://openalex.org/W1679826675","https://openalex.org/W1964548530","https://openalex.org/W1989022575","https://openalex.org/W1990273024","https://openalex.org/W1990689692","https://openalex.org/W1991932313","https://openalex.org/W1996777018","https://openalex.org/W2003782497","https://openalex.org/W2009475852","https://openalex.org/W2017302109","https://openalex.org/W2018493666","https://openalex.org/W2024546487","https://openalex.org/W2028131103","https://openalex.org/W2044169684","https://openalex.org/W2047423630","https://openalex.org/W2052610272","https://openalex.org/W2059086756","https://openalex.org/W2063202923","https://openalex.org/W2064202397","https://openalex.org/W2082165867","https://openalex.org/W2082956390","https://openalex.org/W2087016971","https://openalex.org/W2091990073","https://openalex.org/W2093585241","https://openalex.org/W2093816571","https://openalex.org/W2105045377","https://openalex.org/W2106695994","https://openalex.org/W2129884434","https://openalex.org/W2139483838","https://openalex.org/W2146318343","https://openalex.org/W2151495452","https://openalex.org/W2158680749","https://openalex.org/W2158817500","https://openalex.org/W2160920907","https://openalex.org/W2165683312","https://openalex.org/W2170300389","https://openalex.org/W2170736968","https://openalex.org/W2289346390","https://openalex.org/W2289836221","https://openalex.org/W2484560534","https://openalex.org/W2588833711","https://openalex.org/W4251323989","https://openalex.org/W4252507649","https://openalex.org/W4255528569","https://openalex.org/W4300811532","https://openalex.org/W4301357669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063202923","https://openalex.org/W2336030515","https://openalex.org/W2106695994","https://openalex.org/W2182595565","https://openalex.org/W2945631575","https://openalex.org/W3191718716","https://openalex.org/W1966960846","https://openalex.org/W3092083824","https://openalex.org/W1536274117","https://openalex.org/W7100521920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coh-Metrix":[0,84],"analyzes":[1],"texts":[2,36,126],"on":[3,59,127],"multiple":[4],"measures":[5,21,123],"of":[6,17,20,33,35,129,147],"language":[7],"and":[8,41,51,79,105,116],"discourse":[9],"that":[10,27,82,122,143],"are":[11,56,111],"aligned":[12],"with":[13,63,98,113],"multilevel":[14],"theoretical":[15],"frameworks":[16],"comprehension.":[18],"Dozens":[19],"funnel":[22],"into":[23],"five":[24,61,73],"major":[25],"factors":[26,62,74],"systematically":[28],"vary":[29],"as":[30],"a":[31,91,140],"function":[32],"types":[34],"(e.g.,":[37],"narrative":[38],"vs.":[39],"informational)":[40],"grade":[42],"level:":[43],"narrativity,":[44,100],"syntactic":[45,101],"simplicity,":[46],"word":[47,103],"concreteness,":[48],"referential":[49],"cohesion,":[50],"deep":[52],"(causal)":[53],"cohesion.":[54,107],"Texts":[55],"automatically":[57],"scaled":[58],"these":[60,72],"Coh-Metrix-TEA":[64],"(Text":[65],"Easability":[66],"Assessor).":[67],"This":[68],"article":[69],"reviews":[70],"how":[71],"account":[75],"for":[76],"text":[77,137],"variations":[78],"reports":[80],"analyses":[81,138],"augment":[83],"in":[85,125,135],"two":[86],"ways.":[87],"First,":[88],"there":[89],"is":[90,139],"composite":[92],"measure":[93],"called":[94],"formality,":[95],"which":[96],"increases":[97],"low":[99],"complexity,":[102],"abstractness,":[104],"high":[106],"Second,":[108],"the":[109,145],"words":[110,124],"analyzed":[112],"Linguistic":[114],"Inquiry":[115],"Word":[117],"Count,":[118],"an":[119],"automated":[120,136],"system":[121],"dozens":[128],"psychological":[130],"attributes.":[131],"One":[132],"next":[133],"step":[134],"topics":[141],"analysis":[142],"scales":[144],"difficulty":[146],"conceptual":[148],"topics.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
