{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142178758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","title":"\u201cThe Situation of the Looker-On\u201d: Gender, Narration, and Gaze inWuthering Heights","display_name":"\u201cThe Situation of the Looker-On\u201d: Gender, Narration, and Gaze inWuthering Heights","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142178758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","mag":"2142178758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/462732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171065","display_name":"PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America","issn_l":"0030-8129","issn":["0030-8129","1938-1530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016803551","display_name":"Beth Newman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beth Newman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016803551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93506107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"105","issue":"5","first_page":"1029","last_page":"1041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14223","display_name":"Ayn Rand and Bront\u00eb studies","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14223","display_name":"Ayn Rand and Bront\u00eb studies","score":0.8422999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12461","display_name":"Narrative Theory and Analysis","score":0.11540000140666962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13174","display_name":"American and British Literature Analysis","score":0.020099999383091927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wuthering-heights","display_name":"Wuthering Heights","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emily-bronte","display_name":"Emily Bront\u00eb","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"gaze","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visuality","display_name":"visuality","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-gaze","display_name":"female gaze","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender","display_name":"gender","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narration","display_name":"narration","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance","display_name":"surveillance","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectification","display_name":"objectification","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catherine-earnshaw","display_name":"Catherine Earnshaw","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feminist-literary-criticism","display_name":"feminist literary criticism","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-metaphor","display_name":"visual metaphor","score":0.5070000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.9636166095733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.7620083093643188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195954836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5559410","display_name":"Psychosexual development","level":2,"score":0.5611478686332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5389448404312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5227998495101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.49202653765678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4517006278038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778555616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20671252","display_name":"Male gaze","level":2,"score":0.4397713243961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3229601979255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.26049578189849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.19878163933753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.14802312850952148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1446693241596222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.13079631328582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.11042004823684692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/462732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/462732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171065","display_name":"PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America","issn_l":"0030-8129","issn":["0030-8129","1938-1530"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W581218417","https://openalex.org/W587537943","https://openalex.org/W638501665","https://openalex.org/W1503909162","https://openalex.org/W1571651207","https://openalex.org/W1731075186","https://openalex.org/W1965103780","https://openalex.org/W1968396571","https://openalex.org/W1979921788","https://openalex.org/W1986140570","https://openalex.org/W1997773921","https://openalex.org/W2005007794","https://openalex.org/W2026556386","https://openalex.org/W2031562375","https://openalex.org/W2032427395","https://openalex.org/W2032755608","https://openalex.org/W2033506826","https://openalex.org/W2076494187","https://openalex.org/W2082284386","https://openalex.org/W2098485678","https://openalex.org/W2101356920","https://openalex.org/W2105862625","https://openalex.org/W2133928233","https://openalex.org/W2156109276","https://openalex.org/W2161098141","https://openalex.org/W2226127147","https://openalex.org/W2231415830","https://openalex.org/W2318445408","https://openalex.org/W2325828002","https://openalex.org/W2335376006","https://openalex.org/W2433587121","https://openalex.org/W2484941403","https://openalex.org/W2494576621","https://openalex.org/W2798027043","https://openalex.org/W2802712177","https://openalex.org/W2943684477","https://openalex.org/W3137474239","https://openalex.org/W4231334303","https://openalex.org/W4243485959","https://openalex.org/W4246314655","https://openalex.org/W4252688747","https://openalex.org/W4302561473","https://openalex.org/W4389389144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7047946601","https://openalex.org/W2793378976","https://openalex.org/W7082419371","https://openalex.org/W7199965889","https://openalex.org/W139417273","https://openalex.org/W7010185425","https://openalex.org/W2399416725","https://openalex.org/W1587901278","https://openalex.org/W2130964451","https://openalex.org/W7025381847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"its":[1,50,53],"frequent":[2],"attention":[3],"to":[4,73,79],"visual":[5,107],"acts,Wuthering":[6],"Heightsexplores":[7],"the":[8,12,20,60,66,74,77,106,113],"sexual":[9],"politics":[10],"of":[11,32,52,57,76,112],"gaze.":[13,47],"Not":[14],"only":[15],"does":[16],"Bronte's":[17],"novel":[18,67],"make":[19],"gaze":[21,78],"important":[22],"thematically":[23],"(as":[24],"both":[25],"a":[26,30,46,94,100],"psychosexual":[27],"phenomenon":[28],"and":[29,43,56,59,82,98],"means":[31],"surveillance),":[33],"it":[34],"also":[35],"suggests":[36,68],"that":[37,69,87],"narration":[38],"itself":[39],"is":[40],"dependent":[41],"on":[42],"produced":[44],"by":[45],"But":[48],"through":[49],"treatment":[51],"two":[54],"narrators":[55],"Hareton":[58],"second":[61],"Catherine":[62],"as":[63],"gazing":[64],"subjects,":[65],"there":[70],"are":[71],"limits":[72],"power":[75],"objectify,":[80],"appropriate,":[81],"control.":[83],"ThusWuthering":[84],"Heightsanticipates":[85],"questions":[86],"feminist":[88,101],"theory":[89],"has":[90],"been":[91],"asking":[92],"about":[93,105],"possible":[95],"\u201cfemale":[96],"gaze\u201d":[97],"provides":[99],"context":[102],"for":[103],"thinking":[104],"metaphors":[108],"pervading":[109],"post-Jamesian":[110],"theories":[111],"novel.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}