{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142062829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","title":"PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): PREVENTION OF AN OUTBREAK THROUGH EARLY TREATMENT WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS BY GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATIONS","display_name":"PEST MANAGEMENT OF DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE): PREVENTION OF AN OUTBREAK THROUGH EARLY TREATMENT WITH A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS BY GROUND AND AERIAL APPLICATIONS","publication_year":1984,"publication_date":"1984-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142062829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","mag":"2142062829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4039/ent1161533-11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197406704","display_name":"The Canadian Entomologist","issn_l":"0008-347X","issn":["0008-347X","1918-3240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Entomologist","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034474259","display_name":"Roy F. Shepherd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. F. Shepherd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064867261","display_name":"Imre S. Otvos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. S. Otvos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Forestry Service, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 1M5","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022330932","display_name":"R. J. Chorney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097923","display_name":"Government of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/011e3e176","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097923"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Chorney","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Kamloops, British Columbia V2C 2T7"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Kamloops, British Columbia V2C 2T7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097923"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083455232","display_name":"John C. Cunningham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280367701","display_name":"Canadian Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/0430zw506","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701","https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Cunningham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5M7"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canadian Forestry Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 5M7","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280367701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3308,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3308},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9812,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88297014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"116","issue":"11","first_page":"1533","last_page":"1542"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11691","display_name":"Forest Insect Ecology and Management","score":0.5625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11436","display_name":"Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control","score":0.3921000063419342,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14378","display_name":"Entomological Studies and Ecology","score":0.023399999365210533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/douglas-fir-tussock-moth","display_name":"Douglas-fir tussock moth","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orgyia-pseudotsugata","display_name":"Orgyia pseudotsugata","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-polyhedrosis-virus","display_name":"nuclear polyhedrosis virus","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-control","display_name":"biological control","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak-prevention","display_name":"outbreak prevention","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-treatment","display_name":"early treatment","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-application","display_name":"aerial application","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helicopter-spraying","display_name":"helicopter spraying","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orgyia-leucostigma","display_name":"Orgyia leucostigma","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyhedral-inclusion-bodies","display_name":"polyhedral inclusion bodies","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/larval-infection","display_name":"larval infection","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/douglas-fir","display_name":"Pseudotsuga menziesii","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pest-management","display_name":"pest control","score":0.5699999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177756618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6527674","display_name":"Lepidoptera genitalia","level":2,"score":0.7564876079559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778511750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126331","display_name":"Epizootic","level":3,"score":0.7185172438621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779665282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923053","display_name":"Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus","level":3,"score":0.7184514403343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6281301379203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.6134219765663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22508944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568174","display_name":"PEST analysis","level":2,"score":0.5290367007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88776829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743290","display_name":"Tussock","level":2,"score":0.507654070854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173758957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129270","display_name":"Larva","level":2,"score":0.49876832962036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.47277024388313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778230297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141546","display_name":"Sprayer","level":2,"score":0.4693848788738251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994062330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156687","display_name":"Douglas fir","level":2,"score":0.46181902289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.3659522235393524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.32614171504974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.209116131067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.15648216009140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4039/ent1161533-11","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ent1161533-11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S197406704","display_name":"The Canadian Entomologist","issn_l":"0008-347X","issn":["0008-347X","1918-3240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Canadian Entomologist","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983674425","https://openalex.org/W1985743431","https://openalex.org/W2067344131","https://openalex.org/W2091272030","https://openalex.org/W2123036062","https://openalex.org/W2142133734","https://openalex.org/W2322165426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965887245","https://openalex.org/W4253619396","https://openalex.org/W1533780971","https://openalex.org/W2036447012","https://openalex.org/W7198048520","https://openalex.org/W7097867658","https://openalex.org/W2313267508","https://openalex.org/W266457736","https://openalex.org/W2322165426","https://openalex.org/W7096037292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Two":[1],"different":[2],"application":[3,228],"methods":[4],"were":[5,118,179],"tested":[6],"using":[7],"a":[8,13,69,84,127,140,194],"nuclear":[9],"polyhedrosis":[10],"virus":[11,233,247],"as":[12],"control":[14],"agent":[15],"at":[16,83,152],"an":[17,47,95],"early":[18],"stage":[19],"in":[20,31,36,50,56,94,139,169,185,213,218],"the":[21,44,51,170,182,209,225,231,237,246],"outbreak":[22,52],"cycle":[23],"of":[24,46,86,98,110,123,142,149,196,201,206,227],"Douglas-fir":[25],"tussock":[26,58],"moth,":[27,59],"Orgyia":[28,60],"pseudotsugata":[29],"(McDunnough),":[30],"south":[32],"central":[33],"British":[34],"Columbia":[35],"1981.":[37],"The":[38,189],"virus,":[39],"which":[40],"often":[41],"leads":[42],"to":[43,103,116,133,203,230,245],"development":[45],"epizootic":[48],"late":[49],"cycle,":[53],"was":[54,73,131,191,223],"propagated":[55],"whitemarked":[57],"leucostigma":[61],"(J.":[62],"E.":[63],"Smith).":[64],"A":[65],"helicopter":[66],"fitted":[67],"with":[68],"boom":[70],"and":[71,158,176],"nozzle":[72],"used":[74,132],"for":[75],"treating":[76],"four":[77],"plots":[78,171],"(total":[79],"area":[80],"19.8":[81],"ha)":[82],"dosage":[85],"2.2":[87],"\u00d7":[88,136],"1011":[89],"polyhedral":[90],"inclusion":[91],"bodies":[92],"(PIB)":[93],"emitted":[96],"volume":[97,141],"11.3":[99],"L":[100,144],"ha\u22121.":[101],"Five":[102],"eight":[104],"weeks":[105,154],"after":[106],"spraying,":[107],"microscopic":[108],"examination":[109],"live":[111,150],"larvae":[112,151,178],"showed":[113],"that":[114,174],"77":[115],"100%":[117],"infected.":[119],"In":[120],"ground-spray":[121],"applications":[122],"two":[124],"other":[125],"plots,":[126],"modified":[128],"orchard-type":[129],"sprayer":[130],"apply":[134],"2.4":[135],"1010":[137],"PIB":[138],"4.5":[143],"per":[145],"tree.":[146],"Microscopic":[147],"diagnosis":[148],"8":[153],"post-spray":[155],"revealed":[156],"83":[157],"85%":[159],"infection.In":[160],"autumn":[161],"1981,":[162],"no":[163,177],"egg":[164],"masses":[165],"could":[166],"be":[167],"found":[168,180],"treated":[172],"earlier":[173],"year":[175,226],"on":[181],"sample":[183],"trees":[184,238],"1982":[186],"or":[187],"1983.":[188],"treatment":[190],"effective":[192],"over":[193],"range":[195],"initial":[197],"mean":[198],"larval":[199],"densities":[200],"41":[202],"206":[204],"m\u22122":[205],"foliage.":[207],"At":[208],"same":[210],"time,":[211],"populations":[212,242],"nearby":[214],"untreated":[215],"areas":[216],"increased":[217],"1982.":[219],"Little":[220],"foliage":[221],"protection":[222],"obtained":[224],"due":[229,244],"lengthy":[232],"incubation":[234],"period,":[235],"but":[236],"recovered":[239],"quickly":[240],"when":[241],"disappeared":[243],"epizootic.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
