{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141892681","doi":null,"title":"Pattern of civilian gunshot injuries in Irrua, Nigeria.","display_name":"Pattern of civilian gunshot injuries in Irrua, Nigeria.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141892681","mag":"2141892681","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16440592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:16440592","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16440592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113912027","display_name":"John Enekele Onuminya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-1312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6346-1312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54231130","display_name":"Ambrose Alli University","ror":"https://ror.org/006pw7k84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54231130"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J E Onuminya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, College of Medicine, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54231130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082056385","display_name":"E Ohwowhiagbese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Ohwowhiagbese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79364245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"4","first_page":"170","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11467","display_name":"Trauma and Emergency Care Studies","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11951","display_name":"Trauma Management and Diagnosis","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearm-injuries","display_name":"firearm injuries","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/armed-robbery","display_name":"armed robbery","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremity-injuries","display_name":"extremity injuries","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypovolemia","display_name":"hypovolemia","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gun-control","display_name":"gun control","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poverty","display_name":"poverty","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-restiveness","display_name":"youth restiveness","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gun-violence","display_name":"gun violence","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrua","display_name":"Irrua","score":0.8019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8675002455711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780913535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"Gunshot wound","level":2,"score":0.5477312803268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5022177696228027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.4805715084075928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4796871840953827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.47688084840774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910209844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2140674","display_name":"GUNSHOT INJURY","level":2,"score":0.4692288339138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.386995792388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3613792955875397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2225843071937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009549","descriptor_name":"Nigeria","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014948","descriptor_name":"Wounds, Gunshot","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:16440592","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16440592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African journal of surgery. Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir chirurgie","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2141892681","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16440592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W296292980","https://openalex.org/W1980818136","https://openalex.org/W2005654630","https://openalex.org/W2026100698","https://openalex.org/W2038284010","https://openalex.org/W2044036262","https://openalex.org/W2048631583","https://openalex.org/W2142639517","https://openalex.org/W2188080008","https://openalex.org/W2283163703","https://openalex.org/W2297354276","https://openalex.org/W2298989952","https://openalex.org/W2407061255","https://openalex.org/W2413663508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403101322","https://openalex.org/W4313184074","https://openalex.org/W2006412363","https://openalex.org/W7171684244","https://openalex.org/W1585125845","https://openalex.org/W3119873446","https://openalex.org/W2294972805","https://openalex.org/W2566334045","https://openalex.org/W7071488033","https://openalex.org/W2110639899"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"retrospective":[1],"review":[2],"of":[3,17,33,49,57,62,78,87,92,102,134,148,192],"76":[4],"patients":[5],"with":[6],"gunshot":[7,19,35,58,125,155],"wounds":[8],"was":[9,54,71,107],"undertaken":[10],"to":[11,67,112,123,144,162,188],"evaluate":[12],"the":[13,27,46,55,85,90,145,167,183,190],"pattern":[14],"and":[15,51,82,136,153,181,197],"outcome":[16],"civilian":[18,124,169],"injuries":[20,38,126],"in":[21,45,60,76,89,127,138,185],"our":[22,128,139],"region.":[23,129],"The":[24,104,171],"extremities":[25],"were":[26,39,84],"most":[28,40],"commonly":[29],"affected":[30],"site":[31],"(51.5%":[32],"all":[34],"wounds).":[36],"Gunshot":[37],"common":[41],"among":[42],"young":[43],"males":[44],"third":[47],"decade":[48],"life,":[50],"armed":[52,151,195],"robbery":[53,152,196],"cause":[56],"trauma":[59],"69.7%":[61],"cases.":[63,79,93],"Time":[64],"from":[65,96],"injury":[66],"arrival":[68],"at":[69],"hospital":[70],"less":[72],"than":[73],"6":[74],"hours":[75],"64.4%":[77],"Wound":[80],"exploration":[81],"debridement":[83],"mode":[86],"treatment":[88],"majority":[91],"Hypovolaemia":[94],"resulting":[95],"acute":[97],"haemorrhage":[98],"accounted":[99],"for":[100,166],"52.9%":[101],"complications.":[103],"mortality":[105],"rate":[106],"5.3%.":[108],"It":[109],"is":[110,118,160],"pertinent":[111],"observe":[113],"that":[114],"inefficient":[115],"firearm":[116],"control":[117],"a":[119,177],"major":[120],"factor":[121],"contributing":[122,143],"In":[130],"addition,":[131],"high":[132],"rates":[133],"unemployment":[135],"poverty":[137,178],"society":[140],"may":[141],"be":[142],"increasing":[146],"incidence":[147,191],"youth":[149,184,193],"restiveness,":[150,194],"associated":[154],"injuries.":[156],"Strong":[157],"government":[158,173],"legislation":[159],"required":[161],"provide":[163],"adequate":[164],"security":[165],"teeming":[168],"population.":[170],"national":[172],"should":[174],"embark":[175],"on":[176],"eradication":[179],"strategy":[180],"engage":[182],"gainful":[186],"employment":[187],"reduce":[189],"firearm-related":[198],"violence.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}