{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141841663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","title":"An Overview of Power Analysis Attacks Against Field Programmable Gate Arrays","display_name":"An Overview of Power Analysis Attacks Against Field Programmable Gate Arrays","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141841663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","mag":"2141841663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/38686","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070542865","display_name":"Fran\u00e7ois\u2010Xavier Standaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7444-0285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O.-X. Standaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113673556","display_name":"Eric Peeters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Peeters","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087153065","display_name":"Ga\u00ebl Rouvroy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Rouvroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108457109","display_name":"Jean-Jacques Quisquater","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95674353","display_name":"UCLouvain","ror":"https://ror.org/02495e989","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.-J. Quisquater","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL Crypto Group, Laboratoire de Micro\u00e9lectronique, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. de Microelectronique, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95674353"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":141,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97560245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"2","first_page":"383","last_page":"394"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis-attacks","display_name":"power analysis attacks","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attacks","display_name":"side-channel attacks","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga","display_name":"FPGA","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fpga-security","display_name":"FPGA security","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasures","display_name":"countermeasures","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption-algorithms","display_name":"encryption algorithms","score":0.4560000002384186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.8991467952728271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7452906370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7336208820343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7018581628799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6657410860061646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5839709043502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5735923051834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.536869466304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.5079601407051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5066150426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5042260885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.49514785408973694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.48801127076148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.4567207098007202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.4478762745857239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.4342443346977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35763347148895264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08969375491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06844305992126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2005.862437","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S68686220","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","issn_l":"0018-9219","issn":["0018-9219","1558-2256"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ccf-a","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:38686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/38686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400166","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800384882","host_organization_name":"Harris County Public Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800384882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Proceedings, Vol. 94, no. 2, p. 383-394 (2006)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dial.uclouvain.be:boreal:38686","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2078.1/38686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400166","display_name":"Digital Access to Libraries","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800384882","host_organization_name":"Harris County Public Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800384882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Proceedings, Vol. 94, no. 2, p. 383-394 (2006)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44228360","https://openalex.org/W83781150","https://openalex.org/W108606907","https://openalex.org/W156308847","https://openalex.org/W1491708407","https://openalex.org/W1503689022","https://openalex.org/W1506890909","https://openalex.org/W1512062395","https://openalex.org/W1517875064","https://openalex.org/W1522337283","https://openalex.org/W1522953023","https://openalex.org/W1529516610","https://openalex.org/W1546849562","https://openalex.org/W1548656471","https://openalex.org/W1556212265","https://openalex.org/W1560093457","https://openalex.org/W1560519124","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1564234832","https://openalex.org/W1572300106","https://openalex.org/W1602420333","https://openalex.org/W1602453119","https://openalex.org/W1671031071","https://openalex.org/W1699782153","https://openalex.org/W1702900248","https://openalex.org/W1742462572","https://openalex.org/W1748081333","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W1964723977","https://openalex.org/W1979802565","https://openalex.org/W2008662004","https://openalex.org/W2035879195","https://openalex.org/W2056940695","https://openalex.org/W2105114022","https://openalex.org/W2105374413","https://openalex.org/W2120203085","https://openalex.org/W2126541236","https://openalex.org/W2129356722","https://openalex.org/W2133707980","https://openalex.org/W2141469508","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2156817460","https://openalex.org/W2247006822","https://openalex.org/W2320879688","https://openalex.org/W2325254455","https://openalex.org/W2338543656","https://openalex.org/W2346247326","https://openalex.org/W2395741337","https://openalex.org/W2476332689","https://openalex.org/W2480510614","https://openalex.org/W2542862245","https://openalex.org/W2914572864","https://openalex.org/W3137970571","https://openalex.org/W3143002681","https://openalex.org/W4205441667","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W5280335","https://openalex.org/W4384807855","https://openalex.org/W2164725015","https://openalex.org/W4323926098","https://openalex.org/W2022533428","https://openalex.org/W2029006445","https://openalex.org/W290234012","https://openalex.org/W4255075415","https://openalex.org/W169923757","https://openalex.org/W2114184981"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"their":[1,61],"introduction":[2],"by":[3],"Kocher":[4],"in":[5,21,73],"1998,":[6],"power":[7,64],"analysis":[8,65],"attacks":[9,84,96],"have":[10,37],"attracted":[11],"significant":[12],"attention":[13],"within":[14],"the":[15,22,26,39,104],"cryptographic":[16],"community.":[17],"While":[18],"early":[19],"works":[20],"field":[23,48],"mainly":[24],"threatened":[25],"security":[27,62,107],"of":[28,41,58,83,94,108],"smart":[29],"cards":[30],"and":[31,102,106],"simple":[32,99],"processors,":[33],"several":[34],"recent":[35,81],"publications":[36],"shown":[38],"vulnerability":[40],"hardware":[42,56],"implementations":[43],"as":[44,70],"well.":[45],"In":[46],"particular,":[47],"programmable":[49],"gate":[50],"arrays":[51],"are":[52],"attractive":[53],"options":[54],"for":[55],"implementation":[57],"encryption":[59,88],"algorithms,but":[60],"against":[63,86],"is":[66],"a":[67,91],"serious":[68],"concern,":[69],"we":[71,79],"discuss":[72],"this":[74,77],"paper.":[75],"For":[76],"purpose,":[78],"present":[80],"results":[82],"attempted":[85],"standard":[87],"algorithms,":[89],"provide":[90],"theoretical":[92],"estimation":[93],"these":[95],"based":[97],"on":[98],"statistical":[100],"parameters":[101],"evaluate":[103],"cost":[105],"different":[109],"possible":[110],"countermeasures.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}