{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141788071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","title":"The Public/Private Sector Cleavage in North America","display_name":"The Public/Private Sector Cleavage in North America","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141788071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","mag":"2141788071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0010414090023003005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105556297","display_name":"Comparative Political Studies","issn_l":"0010-4140","issn":["0010-4140","1552-3829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Political Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030998554","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Blais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-110X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-110X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ANDR\u00c9 BLAIS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112981249","display_name":"Donald E. Blake","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DONALD E. BLAKE","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106524910","display_name":"St\u00e9phane Dion","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ST\u00c9PHANE DION","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87593355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"381","last_page":"403"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11421","display_name":"Labor Movements and Unions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1410","display_name":"Industrial relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-employment","display_name":"public sector employees","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-size","display_name":"state size","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-expenditures","display_name":"state expenditures","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-right-ideology","display_name":"left-right ideology","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-party-support","display_name":"party support","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidential-voting","display_name":"presidential voting","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-democratic-party","display_name":"New Democratic Party","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canadian-party-system","display_name":"Canadian party system","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-party-system","display_name":"American party system","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1984-elections","display_name":"1984 elections","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-choice-theory","display_name":"public choice theory","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-interest","display_name":"self-interest","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175156509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990218","display_name":"Cleavage (geology)","level":3,"score":0.7925149202346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.7141088247299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6609406471252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.6311057806015015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.565446138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.547120988368988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5335254073143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.5173332095146179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.502570629119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4951583445072174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776129789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858439","display_name":"Presidential election","level":3,"score":0.44149428606033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4351271390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.41046226024627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3741297125816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1506238579750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0010414090023003005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414090023003005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105556297","display_name":"Comparative Political Studies","issn_l":"0010-4140","issn":["0010-4140","1552-3829"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Political Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.666700005531311}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W401534016","https://openalex.org/W570874227","https://openalex.org/W577661416","https://openalex.org/W591005994","https://openalex.org/W607241422","https://openalex.org/W634081126","https://openalex.org/W1970825310","https://openalex.org/W1976950476","https://openalex.org/W1982156586","https://openalex.org/W1987254383","https://openalex.org/W1987623758","https://openalex.org/W1988276057","https://openalex.org/W1991258743","https://openalex.org/W2012876671","https://openalex.org/W2017925040","https://openalex.org/W2025886646","https://openalex.org/W2029273250","https://openalex.org/W2031196334","https://openalex.org/W2033696907","https://openalex.org/W2046656583","https://openalex.org/W2057074877","https://openalex.org/W2057805249","https://openalex.org/W2075679704","https://openalex.org/W2078351396","https://openalex.org/W2082436063","https://openalex.org/W2093499310","https://openalex.org/W2094640440","https://openalex.org/W2117678279","https://openalex.org/W2119748577","https://openalex.org/W2120232216","https://openalex.org/W2120492799","https://openalex.org/W2128143975","https://openalex.org/W2148498618","https://openalex.org/W2165642676","https://openalex.org/W2217537888","https://openalex.org/W2314909684","https://openalex.org/W2318923578","https://openalex.org/W2325153541","https://openalex.org/W2477226132","https://openalex.org/W2569330012","https://openalex.org/W2626966991","https://openalex.org/W2796738805","https://openalex.org/W2799172378","https://openalex.org/W2916469010","https://openalex.org/W3021914544","https://openalex.org/W3113174727","https://openalex.org/W3135986985","https://openalex.org/W3137603331","https://openalex.org/W3137689818","https://openalex.org/W3184701860","https://openalex.org/W4210957607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413280037","https://openalex.org/W2087645027","https://openalex.org/W2066777086","https://openalex.org/W2096883547","https://openalex.org/W2057805249","https://openalex.org/W2182574741","https://openalex.org/W2184139100","https://openalex.org/W2321052861","https://openalex.org/W2300350952","https://openalex.org/W2005236866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,15,27,34,37,46,58,80,90,98,136,138,143,159,169,172,177,185],"private/public":[4],"sector":[5,31,164],"cleavage":[6,92],"in":[7,12,33,61,79,97,102,108,112,115,142,158],"voting":[8],"and":[9,14,53,69,88,132,146,151],"political":[10],"attitudes":[11],"Canada":[13,103],"United":[16,99,144,186],"States.":[17],"The":[18,118],"authors":[19,119],"use":[20],"public":[21,30],"choice":[22,170],"theory":[23],"to":[24,41,48,54,85,126,153,168],"hypothesize":[25],"that":[26,196],"interest":[28],"of":[29,36,45,82,105,129,171],"employees":[32],"growth":[35],"state":[38,51,86],"inclines":[39],"them":[40],"vote":[42],"for":[43,148],"parties":[44],"left,":[47],"support":[49,131],"increased":[50],"spending,":[52],"place":[55],"themselves":[56],"on":[57,202],"left":[59],"ideologically":[60],"both":[62,116],"countries.":[63,117],"However,":[64],"given":[65],"differences":[66,76,200],"between":[67,191],"Canadian":[68],"U.S.":[70],"party":[71,130],"systems":[72],"as":[73,75],"well":[74],"over":[77,176],"time":[78],"prominence":[81],"issues":[83],"related":[84,166],"size":[87],"growth,":[89],"sectoral":[91,199],"should":[93],"be":[94],"more":[95],"prominent":[96],"States":[100],"than":[101,111],"but":[104,183],"greater":[106,141],"significance":[107],"recent":[109],"elections":[110],"earlier":[113],"ones":[114],"proceed":[120],"by":[121],"adding":[122],"a":[123],"sectoral-cleavage":[124],"variable":[125],"multivariate":[127],"models":[128],"attitudinal":[133],"position.":[134],"On":[135],"whole":[137],"effect":[139],"is":[140,165],"States,":[145,187],"mainly":[147,167],"presidential":[149],"voting,":[150],"seems":[152],"have":[154,194],"been":[155],"particularly":[156],"significant":[157],"1984":[160],"election.":[161],"In":[162,181],"Canada,":[163,182],"New":[173],"Democratic":[174],"Party":[175],"two":[178],"larger":[179],"parties.":[180],"not":[184],"an":[188],"ideological":[189],"difference":[190],"sectors":[192],"may":[193],"emerged":[195],"could":[197],"strengthen":[198],"based":[201],"self-interest.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
