{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141369840","doi":null,"title":"Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: a review of analgesics and anti-inflammatory substances.","display_name":"Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: a review of analgesics and anti-inflammatory substances.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141369840","mag":"2141369840","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26101752","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3436629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071195970","display_name":"Shahla Mahdizadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103666","display_name":"University Hospital M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/01856cw59","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahla Mahdizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epilepsy Research Center, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epilepsy Research Center, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112480892","display_name":"Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-894X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7484-894X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103666","display_name":"University Hospital M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/01856cw59","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Khaleghi Ghadiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084918739","display_name":"Ali Gorji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3270"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103666","display_name":"University Hospital M\u00fcnster","ror":"https://ror.org/01856cw59","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Gorji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Epilepsy Research Center, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany ; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epilepsy Research Center, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany ; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Neurology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":76.2735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.998185,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"182","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10431","display_name":"Ethnobotanical and Medicinal Plants Studies","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avicenna","display_name":"Avicenna","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canon-of-medicine","display_name":"Canon of Medicine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-medicine","display_name":"medieval medicine","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-inflammatory-agents","display_name":"anti-inflammatory agents","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analgesics","display_name":"analgesics","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-products","display_name":"natural products","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-discovery","display_name":"drug discovery","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opium","display_name":"opium","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curcuma","display_name":"Curcuma","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garlic","display_name":"garlic","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-pharmacology","display_name":"history of pharmacology","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7541261315345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.6840466260910034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.614054799079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779153319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46452","display_name":"Opium","level":2,"score":0.5164737701416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.4810533821582794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33551","display_name":"Curcuma","level":2,"score":0.43892282247543335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779703632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581996","display_name":"Anti-inflammatory","level":2,"score":0.4114745855331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3309258818626404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3436629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4469963","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Avicenna J Phytomed","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:26101752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26101752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Avicenna journal of phytomedicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40ce69e294ad40fc810dd1b7331beb6b","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40ce69e294ad40fc810dd1b7331beb6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 182-202 (2015)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:2266312569","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sid.ir/en/VEWSSID/J_pdf/1019820150307.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3436629","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4469963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73096304","https://openalex.org/W89030335","https://openalex.org/W1530099167","https://openalex.org/W1634663506","https://openalex.org/W1821774250","https://openalex.org/W1843245559","https://openalex.org/W1941021091","https://openalex.org/W1964720797","https://openalex.org/W1967132787","https://openalex.org/W1968964688","https://openalex.org/W1970092103","https://openalex.org/W1975551297","https://openalex.org/W1977035231","https://openalex.org/W1978472590","https://openalex.org/W1982132572","https://openalex.org/W1996710463","https://openalex.org/W2008156262","https://openalex.org/W2009880851","https://openalex.org/W2012241979","https://openalex.org/W2013515818","https://openalex.org/W2021120688","https://openalex.org/W2024509662","https://openalex.org/W2030123592","https://openalex.org/W2037559451","https://openalex.org/W2063749518","https://openalex.org/W2066451287","https://openalex.org/W2070084227","https://openalex.org/W2072467040","https://openalex.org/W2077166822","https://openalex.org/W2081143169","https://openalex.org/W2084715340","https://openalex.org/W2086856153","https://openalex.org/W2089891369","https://openalex.org/W2093111103","https://openalex.org/W2098414178","https://openalex.org/W2098924808","https://openalex.org/W2098953499","https://openalex.org/W2101581047","https://openalex.org/W2103408684","https://openalex.org/W2107524602","https://openalex.org/W2112216880","https://openalex.org/W2112711656","https://openalex.org/W2115219445","https://openalex.org/W2116359680","https://openalex.org/W2117801971","https://openalex.org/W2118256289","https://openalex.org/W2122219012","https://openalex.org/W2124346411","https://openalex.org/W2126884530","https://openalex.org/W2130587723","https://openalex.org/W2152781375","https://openalex.org/W2167916759","https://openalex.org/W2179585125","https://openalex.org/W2264191599","https://openalex.org/W2311070882","https://openalex.org/W2315267959","https://openalex.org/W2400657031","https://openalex.org/W2413448565","https://openalex.org/W4248512892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266312569","https://openalex.org/W2563874132","https://openalex.org/W3056298625","https://openalex.org/W2079510685","https://openalex.org/W2054799505","https://openalex.org/W2903728578","https://openalex.org/W1551506091","https://openalex.org/W3103869629","https://openalex.org/W2920121818","https://openalex.org/W2992351798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Naturally":[0],"occurring":[1],"substances":[2,74,135],"mentioned":[3,81],"in":[4,18,35,47,87,109,137],"medieval":[5],"medical":[6,33,61],"literatures":[7],"currently":[8],"have,":[9,14],"and":[10,55,75,105,133,158,170,191],"will":[11,175],"continue":[12],"to":[13,97,166],"a":[15,23,53,67,99],"crucial":[16],"place":[17],"drug":[19],"discovery.":[20],"Avicenna":[21],"was":[22,96,160],"Persian":[24],"physician":[25],"who":[26],"is":[27],"known":[28],"as":[29,153],"the":[30,36,43,48,60,64,93,138,180],"most":[31,44],"influential":[32],"writers":[34],"Middle":[37],"ages.":[38],"Avicenna`s":[39],"Canon":[40],"of":[41,50,58,63,70,84,92,102,113,123,126,131,140,147,149,183,188],"Medicine,":[42],"famous":[45],"books":[46],"history":[49],"medicine,":[51],"presents":[52],"clear":[54],"organized":[56],"summary":[57],"all":[59,103],"knowledge":[62],"time,":[65],"including":[66],"long":[68],"list":[69],"drugs.":[71],"Several":[72],"hundred":[73],"receipts":[76],"from":[77],"different":[78,85,124],"sources":[79],"are":[80,143],"for":[82,116,186],"treatment":[83,139,187],"illnesses":[86],"this":[88,110,117,127],"book.":[89,128],"The":[90,145],"aim":[91],"present":[94],"study":[95],"provide":[98],"descriptive":[100],"review":[101,118,174],"anti-inflammatory":[104,132,169],"analgesic":[106,134,171],"drugs":[107,185],"presented":[108],"comprehensive":[111],"encyclopedia":[112],"medicine.":[114],"Data":[115],"were":[119],"provided":[120],"by":[121,162],"searches":[122],"sections":[125],"Long":[129],"lists":[130],"used":[136],"various":[141],"diseases":[142,190],"provided.":[144],"efficacy":[146],"some":[148],"these":[150],"drugs,":[151],"such":[152],"opium,":[154],"willow":[155],"oil,":[156],"curcuma,":[157],"garlic,":[159],"investigated":[161],"modern":[163],"medicine;":[164],"pointed":[165],"their":[167],"potent":[168],"properties.":[172],"This":[173],"help":[176],"further":[177],"research":[178],"into":[179],"clinical":[181],"benefits":[182],"new":[184],"inflammatory":[189],"pain.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
