{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141361828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","title":"Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool: AMEE Guide No. 31","display_name":"Workplace-based assessment as an educational tool: AMEE Guide No. 31","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141361828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","mag":"2141361828","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18158655"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01421590701775453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135934248","display_name":"Medical Teacher","issn_l":"0142-159X","issn":["0142-159X","1466-187X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Teacher","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005775463","display_name":"John J. Norcini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-4115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8464-4115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283022650","display_name":"Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejygc42","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Norcini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Philadelphia 19104, USA. JNorcini@faimer.org","Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, PhiladelphiaUSA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, Philadelphia 19104, USA. JNorcini@faimer.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, PhiladelphiaUSA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089304919","display_name":"Vanessa Celeste Burch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-4424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7304-4424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157614274","display_name":"University of Cape Town","ror":"https://ror.org/03p74gp79","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vanessa Burch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cape Town, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cape Town, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157614274"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005775463"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283022650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1034,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97762864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"9-10","first_page":"855","last_page":"871"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12574","display_name":"Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-based-assessment","display_name":"workplace-based assessment","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"formative assessment","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-feedback","display_name":"formative feedback","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-trainees","display_name":"medical trainees","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faculty-development","display_name":"faculty development","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.9859635233879089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.7602048516273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5381288528442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5259556770324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4989781379699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43150442838668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40290775895118713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23326754570007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.18542462587356567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002982","descriptor_name":"Clinical Clerkship","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002982","descriptor_name":"Clinical Clerkship","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003162","descriptor_name":"Competency-Based Education","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004521","descriptor_name":"Educational Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007396","descriptor_name":"Internship and Residency","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011588","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Educational","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013192","descriptor_name":"Staff Development","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013337","descriptor_name":"Students, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013663","descriptor_name":"Teaching","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030141","descriptor_name":"Feedback, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01421590701775453","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701775453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135934248","display_name":"Medical Teacher","issn_l":"0142-159X","issn":["0142-159X","1466-187X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical Teacher","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:18158655","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18158655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medical teacher","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.534.69","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.534.69","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.harvardmacy.org/Upload/pdf/Norcini article.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1213581300","https://openalex.org/W1497728863","https://openalex.org/W1520373375","https://openalex.org/W1538575647","https://openalex.org/W1896715019","https://openalex.org/W1900187691","https://openalex.org/W1968351556","https://openalex.org/W1973975145","https://openalex.org/W1975114734","https://openalex.org/W1977966786","https://openalex.org/W1980488628","https://openalex.org/W1981468680","https://openalex.org/W1984800886","https://openalex.org/W1985455827","https://openalex.org/W1986577709","https://openalex.org/W1989310833","https://openalex.org/W1990152912","https://openalex.org/W1990968969","https://openalex.org/W1993339475","https://openalex.org/W1994084271","https://openalex.org/W2005974754","https://openalex.org/W2009187494","https://openalex.org/W2014549726","https://openalex.org/W2014779345","https://openalex.org/W2016697128","https://openalex.org/W2016989664","https://openalex.org/W2020270970","https://openalex.org/W2020806125","https://openalex.org/W2024743610","https://openalex.org/W2026248601","https://openalex.org/W2029287893","https://openalex.org/W2030441548","https://openalex.org/W2037134292","https://openalex.org/W2044246394","https://openalex.org/W2045959487","https://openalex.org/W2050431232","https://openalex.org/W2053890619","https://openalex.org/W2064284668","https://openalex.org/W2065026656","https://openalex.org/W2067265997","https://openalex.org/W2067907263","https://openalex.org/W2072015358","https://openalex.org/W2074929045","https://openalex.org/W2079886100","https://openalex.org/W2088762107","https://openalex.org/W2092454222","https://openalex.org/W2092985627","https://openalex.org/W2095907159","https://openalex.org/W2096958716","https://openalex.org/W2101200860","https://openalex.org/W2116514630","https://openalex.org/W2118791446","https://openalex.org/W2123919615","https://openalex.org/W2124361429","https://openalex.org/W2132892830","https://openalex.org/W2133071520","https://openalex.org/W2134935508","https://openalex.org/W2135552557","https://openalex.org/W2141964226","https://openalex.org/W2144704232","https://openalex.org/W2147780842","https://openalex.org/W2154041216","https://openalex.org/W2171838050","https://openalex.org/W2186063514","https://openalex.org/W2255566055","https://openalex.org/W2324443328","https://openalex.org/W2335042142","https://openalex.org/W2403814131","https://openalex.org/W2560140854","https://openalex.org/W3028062500","https://openalex.org/W4236468203","https://openalex.org/W4246679797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096118520","https://openalex.org/W289661957","https://openalex.org/W251901556","https://openalex.org/W2890653369","https://openalex.org/W2334110041","https://openalex.org/W2170153256","https://openalex.org/W4383824206","https://openalex.org/W1528715282","https://openalex.org/W6988146537","https://openalex.org/W2093342083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"There":[1,168],"has":[2,19,188],"been":[3,110,189],"concern":[4],"that":[5,32,92,137,163],"trainees":[6,177],"are":[7],"seldom":[8],"observed,":[9],"assessed,":[10],"and":[11,35,51,76,89,112,120,146,159,186,215],"given":[12],"feedback":[13,90,136,187],"during":[14],"their":[15,118,213],"workplace-based":[16,130],"education.":[17],"This":[18],"led":[20],"to":[21,191,211],"an":[22],"increasing":[23],"interest":[24],"in":[25],"a":[26,95,156,170,193],"variety":[27,123],"of":[28,45,53,65,70,102,117,124,129,135,143,151,201],"formative":[29,54,59,87,173],"assessment":[30,60,88,131,174],"methods":[31,105,184],"require":[33],"observation":[34],"offer":[36],"the":[37,46,49,57,63,68,78,100,127,133,141,144,152,178,207],"opportunity":[38,179],"for":[39,98,106,172,180,209],"feedback.":[40,181],"AIMS:":[41],"To":[42],"review":[43],"some":[44],"literature":[47,85],"on":[48,73,86,148,196],"efficacy":[50,128],"prevalence":[52],"feedback,":[55,66],"describe":[56],"common":[58],"methods,":[61],"characterize":[62],"nature":[64],"examine":[67],"effect":[69],"faculty":[71,202],"development":[72],"its":[74],"quality,":[75],"summarize":[77],"challenges":[79],"still":[80],"faced.":[81],"RESULTS:":[82],"The":[83,198],"research":[84],"suggests":[91],"it":[93,108],"is":[94,114,138,169,203,206],"powerful":[96],"means":[97],"changing":[99],"behaviour":[101],"trainees.":[103],"Several":[104,182],"assessing":[107],"have":[109,192],"developed":[111],"there":[113],"preliminary":[115],"evidence":[116],"reliability":[119],"validity.":[121],"A":[122],"factors":[125],"enhance":[126,212],"including":[132],"provision":[134],"consistent":[139],"with":[140],"needs":[142],"learner":[145],"focused":[147],"important":[149],"aspects":[150],"performance.":[153],"Faculty":[154],"plays":[155],"critical":[157,199],"role":[158,200],"successful":[160],"implementation":[161],"requires":[162],"they":[164],"receive":[165],"training.":[166,216],"CONCLUSIONS:":[167],"need":[171,208],"which":[175],"offers":[176],"good":[183],"exist":[185],"shown":[190],"major":[194],"influence":[195],"learning.":[197],"highlighted,":[204],"as":[205],"strategies":[210],"participation":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
