{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141123359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","title":"EFFECTIVENESS OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR HIGH-MOISTURE ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES","display_name":"EFFECTIVENESS OF ANHYDROUS AMMONIA AS A PRESERVATIVE FOR HIGH-MOISTURE ALFALFA HAY IN LARGE ROUND BALES","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141123359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","mag":"2141123359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4141/cjas86-081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","pdf_url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/cjas86-081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54036783","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0008-3984","issn":["0008-3984","1918-1825"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/cjas86-081","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013495318","display_name":"Avtar S. Atwal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. S. ATWAL","raw_affiliation_strings":["'Animal Research Centre ,","zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and 3Program Coordination Directorate , Research Branch , Agriculture Canada , Ottawa , Ontario KIA 0C6 ","'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"'Animal Research Centre ,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and 3Program Coordination Directorate , Research Branch , Agriculture Canada , Ottawa , Ontario KIA 0C6 ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050904822","display_name":"L. C. Heslop","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. C. HESLOP","raw_affiliation_strings":["'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035921082","display_name":"K. LIEVERS","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331897569","display_name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzs374","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569","https://openalex.org/I2802286613"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. LIEVERS","raw_affiliation_strings":["'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"'Animal Research Centre, zEngineering and Statistical Research Institute, and","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Program Coordination Directorate, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0C6","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331897569"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75261823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"743","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10098","display_name":"Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anhydrous-ammonia","display_name":"anhydrous ammonia","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hay-preservation","display_name":"hay preservation","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alfalfa-hay","display_name":"alfalfa hay","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-damage","display_name":"heat damage","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-detergent-insoluble-nitrogen","display_name":"acid detergent insoluble nitrogen","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-detergent-lignin","display_name":"acid detergent lignin","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-matter-loss","display_name":"dry matter loss","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digestibility","display_name":"digestibility","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-treatment","display_name":"ammonia treatment","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106191032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336989","display_name":"Hay","level":2,"score":0.9344223737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187714232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745207","display_name":"Anhydrous","level":2,"score":0.8128544092178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.7702006101608276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67031304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274579","display_name":"Preservative","level":2,"score":0.6875591278076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6204893589019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.577984631061554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.5707154870033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780138947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q393855","display_name":"Dry matter","level":2,"score":0.5671206712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.4549736976623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018814304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156106","display_name":"Alfalfa hay","level":4,"score":0.44719740748405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4079572558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.280079185962677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70262065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427652","display_name":"Rumen","level":3,"score":0.22068849205970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.17503556609153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13287955522537231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1150766909122467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4141/cjas86-081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","pdf_url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/cjas86-081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54036783","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0008-3984","issn":["0008-3984","1918-1825"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4141/cjas86-081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-081","pdf_url":"https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.4141/cjas86-081","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54036783","display_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0008-3984","issn":["0008-3984","1918-1825"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312929","host_organization_name":"Canadian Science Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312929"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Canadian Science Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Canadian Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141123359.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2141123359.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262152868","https://openalex.org/W1501142063","https://openalex.org/W2000664903","https://openalex.org/W2086246103","https://openalex.org/W2115572313","https://openalex.org/W2151869166","https://openalex.org/W2154961462","https://openalex.org/W7005153720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154961462","https://openalex.org/W1984439400","https://openalex.org/W2000664903","https://openalex.org/W2170728140","https://openalex.org/W2055883389","https://openalex.org/W1987348317","https://openalex.org/W2025414149","https://openalex.org/W1965885592","https://openalex.org/W2018925103","https://openalex.org/W2081674708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"experiments":[1],"were":[2,119],"conducted":[3],"in":[4,55,116,143,192,198],"sequence":[5],"to":[6,36,80,107,149,239],"determine":[7],"the":[8,27,28,46,50,68,98,144,187,202,215,235],"effectiveness":[9],"of":[10,17,32,72,82,139,166,179],"anhydrous":[11],"ammonia":[12],"(AA)":[13],"as":[14,21,147,234],"a":[15,56,199],"preservative":[16],"alfalfa":[18,37,83,184,246],"hay":[19,38,84,130,189,200,204,224],"stored":[20,197],"large":[22,253],"round":[23],"bales":[24,254],"(LRB).":[25],"In":[26,67],"first":[29],"experiment":[30,70],"application":[31,71],"3%":[33],"AA":[34,75],"(wt/wt)":[35],"baled":[39],"at":[40,86],"about":[41,73,87,219,240],"23%":[42],"moisture-content":[43],"(MC)":[44],"increased":[45,238],"temperature":[47,217,237],"markedly":[48],"above":[49,101],"control":[51,125,129,157],"treatment":[52],"and":[53,64,89,158,169,196],"resulted":[54],"significantly":[57,93,172],"(P":[58,94,173],"<":[59,95,174],"0.05)":[60,96,175],"higher":[61],"acid-detergent-insoluble":[62,145],"nitrogen":[63],"acid-detergent":[65],"lignin.":[66],"second":[69],"1%":[74],"slowly":[76],"(over":[77],"48":[78],"h)":[79],"LRB":[81],"packaged":[85],"30%":[88,182,226],">":[90],"35%":[91,206],"MC,":[92],"reduced":[97],"cumulative":[99],"degree-days":[100],"all":[102],"reference":[103],"points":[104],"from":[105],"35":[106],"65":[108],"\u00b0C.":[109,242],"Ammoniation":[110],"completely":[111],"eliminated":[112],"dry":[113],"matter":[114],"losses":[115],"storage":[117],"which":[118],"highest":[120],"(8.3%)":[121],"for":[122,153,162],"33%":[123,138],"MC":[124],"hay.":[126,164,185],"High":[127],"moisture":[128],"(33%":[131],"MC)":[132,156,207,227],"suffered":[133],"severe":[134],"heat":[135,249],"damage":[136],"with":[137],"total":[140],"N":[141],"being":[142],"fraction":[146],"compared":[148],"less":[150],"than":[151],"10%":[152],"medium-moisture":[154,180],"(26%":[155],"even":[159,213],"lower":[160],"values":[161],"ammoniated":[163],"Digestibility":[165],"crude":[167],"protein":[168],"energy":[170],"was":[171,190,218],"improved":[176],"by":[177],"ammoniation":[178],"(about":[181,225],"in-to-storage)":[183],"When":[186],"ammonia-treated":[188],"uncovered":[191],"spring,":[193],"coarsely":[194],"ground":[195],"wagon":[201],"high-moisture-ammoniated":[203],"(>":[205],"became":[208],"moldy":[209],"within":[210],"4":[211],"wk,":[212],"when":[214],"ambient":[216,236],"6":[220],"\u00b0C,":[221],"whereas":[222],"medium-moisture-ammoniated":[223],"showed":[228],"some":[229],"deterioration":[230],"after":[231],"7":[232],"wk":[233],"12":[241],"Key":[243],"words:":[244],"Ammonia,":[245],"hay,":[247,252],"digestibility,":[248],"damage,":[250],"high-moisture":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
