{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140811754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","title":"Layering Precision Land Leveling and Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed Planting: Productivity and Input Use Efficiency of Irrigated Bread Wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains","display_name":"Layering Precision Land Leveling and Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed Planting: Productivity and Input Use Efficiency of Irrigated Bread Wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140811754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","mag":"2140811754"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ajps20110400009_19454704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764741929","display_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","issn_l":"2158-2742","issn":["2158-2742","2158-2750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ajps20110400009_19454704.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040501329","display_name":"Mangi Lal Jat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-1126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0582-1126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286583668","display_name":"CGIAR","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4bm785","country_code":"FR","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158324","display_name":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a2xtt59","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I21740220","https://openalex.org/I4210158324"]}],"countries":["FR","IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. L. Jat","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) , NASC Complex , New Delhi , India;","CGIAR;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) , NASC Complex , New Delhi , India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CGIAR;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015072777","display_name":"Raj Kumar Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-8429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9580-8429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158324","display_name":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05a2xtt59","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I21740220","https://openalex.org/I4210158324"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101535873","display_name":"Yashpal Saharawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-4429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5987-4429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162210093","display_name":"International Rice Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0593p4448","country_code":"PH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286583668","https://openalex.org/I162210093"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. S. Saharawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), NASC Complex, New Delhi, India;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162210093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063203605","display_name":"Raj Khosla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-2078","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8937-2078"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Khosla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":95,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9468845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"02","issue":"04","first_page":"578","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.2215999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.030899999663233757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raised-bed-planting","display_name":"raised bed planting","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/furrow-irrigation","display_name":"furrow irrigation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/input-use-efficiency","display_name":"input efficiency","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-use-efficiency","display_name":"nutrient use efficiency","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conservation-agriculture","display_name":"conservation agriculture","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indo-gangetic-plain","display_name":"Indo-Gangetic Plain","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-yield","display_name":"wheat yield","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-phosphorus-and-potassium-uptake","display_name":"nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake","score":0.8650000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.8069555759429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7001891732215881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6335291266441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5862843990325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551340","display_name":"Water-use efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5749775171279907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5725785493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5459027886390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4547533094882965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4228728115558624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120217122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740083","display_name":"Precision agriculture","level":3,"score":0.41359928250312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.41224405169487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149207113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26534","display_name":"Water use","level":2,"score":0.41158127784729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4087132215499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12804031372070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09501686692237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0780273973941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ajps20110400009_19454704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764741929","display_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","issn_l":"2158-2742","issn":["2158-2742","2158-2750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2011.24069","pdf_url":"https://content.scirp.org/pdf/ajps20110400009_19454704.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764741929","display_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","issn_l":"2158-2742","issn":["2158-2742","2158-2750"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Plant Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320769","display_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04fw54a43"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140811754.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2140811754.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252787123","https://openalex.org/W1487039276","https://openalex.org/W1488280006","https://openalex.org/W1488773259","https://openalex.org/W1493624446","https://openalex.org/W1494102428","https://openalex.org/W1510869656","https://openalex.org/W1512952934","https://openalex.org/W1608820272","https://openalex.org/W1638639429","https://openalex.org/W1642724957","https://openalex.org/W1830551443","https://openalex.org/W1982586518","https://openalex.org/W1982836372","https://openalex.org/W1990018110","https://openalex.org/W2011663347","https://openalex.org/W2019271737","https://openalex.org/W2039108858","https://openalex.org/W2072325662","https://openalex.org/W2081951453","https://openalex.org/W2087956928","https://openalex.org/W2095662637","https://openalex.org/W2108868259","https://openalex.org/W2110193875","https://openalex.org/W2185553600","https://openalex.org/W2241885292","https://openalex.org/W2316246168","https://openalex.org/W2473374898","https://openalex.org/W2547682444","https://openalex.org/W2791625973","https://openalex.org/W2954211431","https://openalex.org/W3122221524","https://openalex.org/W4235994320","https://openalex.org/W4243365531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373694312","https://openalex.org/W98687669","https://openalex.org/W1184002209","https://openalex.org/W2130391022","https://openalex.org/W156830497","https://openalex.org/W2051288895","https://openalex.org/W2042662405","https://openalex.org/W3089150238","https://openalex.org/W1017083325","https://openalex.org/W2260591564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stagnating":[0],"yield":[1,46,163],"and":[2,47,54,58,95,130,152,179,196,203],"declining":[3],"input":[4,48],"use":[5,49,71,97,154],"efficiency":[6,50,98,155,198],"in":[7,30,69,141,145,159],"irrigated":[8,134],"wheat":[9,45,157,162],"of":[10,19,27,35,43,74,123,147,156,200],"the":[11,100,121],"Indo-Gangetic":[12],"Plain":[13],"(IGP)":[14],"coupled":[15],"with":[16,83,105,168,174,190,212],"diminishing":[17],"availability":[18],"water":[20,70,94,150,173],"for":[21],"agriculture":[22],"is":[23],"a":[24,111],"major":[25],"concern":[26],"food":[28],"security":[29],"South":[31],"Asia.":[32],"The":[33,79,161,193],"objective":[34],"our":[36],"study":[37],"was":[38,164],"to":[39,65,90,119,184,218],"establish":[40],"an":[41],"understanding":[42],"how":[44,55],"can":[51,62,87],"be":[52,63,66,88],"improved":[53,207],"land":[56,81,103,125,128,177,188,210],"leveling":[57,82,104,126,178,189,211],"crop":[59,76,92,131,148],"establishment":[60,132],"practices":[61,186],"modified":[64],"more":[67],"efficient":[68],"through":[72],"layering":[73,175],"precision-conservation":[75],"management":[77],"techniques.":[78],"\u201cprecision":[80],"raised":[84,135,180,213],"bed\u201d":[85],"planting":[86,107,182,215],"used":[89],"improve":[91],"yield,":[93,149],"nutrient":[96,153],"over":[99],"existing":[101],"\u201ctraditional":[102],"flat\u201d":[106],"practices.":[108,220],"We":[109],"conducted":[110],"field":[112],"experiment":[113],"during":[114],"2002-2004":[115],"at":[116],"Modipuram,":[117],"India":[118],"quantify":[120],"benefits":[122],"alternate":[124],"(precision":[127],"leveling)":[129],"(furrow":[133],"bed":[136,181,214],"planting)":[137],"techniques":[138],"alone":[139],"or":[140],"combination":[142],"(layering":[143],"precision-conservation)":[144],"terms":[146],"savings,":[151],"production":[158],"IGP.":[160],"about":[165],"16.6%":[166],"higher":[167],"nearly":[169],"50%":[170],"less":[171],"irrigation":[172],"precision":[176,209],"compared":[183,217],"traditional":[185],"(traditional":[187],"flat":[191],"planting).":[192],"agronomic":[194],"(AE)":[195],"uptake":[197],"(UE)":[199],"N,":[201],"P":[202],"K":[204],"were":[205],"significantly":[206],"under":[208],"technique":[216],"other":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
