{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140684938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","title":"A comparison of reinforcement schedules to increase independent responding in individuals with intellectual disabilities","display_name":"A comparison of reinforcement schedules to increase independent responding in individuals with intellectual disabilities","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140684938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","mag":"2140684938","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24114759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jaba.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125122479","display_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","issn_l":"0021-8855","issn":["0021-8855","1938-3703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014242967","display_name":"Nicole L. Hausman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-2291","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-2291"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole L. Hausman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Baltimore County and Kennedy Krieger Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore County and Kennedy Krieger Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867","https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080291777","display_name":"Einar T. Ingvarsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-9208","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-9208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Einar T. Ingvarsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas and Child Study Center, Fort Worth"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas and Child Study Center, Fort Worth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019304885","display_name":"SungWoo Kahng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-5026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-5026"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298154867","display_name":"Kennedy Krieger Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05q6tgt32","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"SungWoo Kahng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867","https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019304885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298154867","https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":3470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3470},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91070472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"155","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedules-of-reinforcement","display_name":"reinforcement schedules","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-ratio-schedules","display_name":"fixed-ratio schedules","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.9312777519226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7713736295700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.6309503316879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551499885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183560","display_name":"Intellectual disability","level":2,"score":0.49575719237327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.4516611695289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19928714632987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.15202683210372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008607","descriptor_name":"Intellectual Disability","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012054","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jaba.85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125122479","display_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","issn_l":"0021-8855","issn":["0021-8855","1938-3703"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24114759","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24114759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of applied behavior analysis","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965082292","https://openalex.org/W1982481943","https://openalex.org/W1983806684","https://openalex.org/W2045756364","https://openalex.org/W2085926075","https://openalex.org/W2126102109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101548139","https://openalex.org/W2148996307","https://openalex.org/W2378624161","https://openalex.org/W3037741067","https://openalex.org/W2011866399","https://openalex.org/W2147605311","https://openalex.org/W2048344203","https://openalex.org/W2092467963","https://openalex.org/W314688646","https://openalex.org/W2035052774"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"compared":[1],"the":[2,50,60,71],"effects":[3],"of":[4,49],"varying":[5],"reinforcement":[6,72],"schedules":[7],"on":[8,39],"independent":[9,53,76,82],"responding":[10,18,23,54,58,77],"with":[11,14],"3":[12,42,51],"individuals":[13],"intellectual":[15],"disabilities.":[16],"Independent":[17],"was":[19,28,55,63],"always":[20,31],"reinforced,":[21,32,35],"and":[22],"after":[24,59],"a":[25,40],"vocal":[26,61],"response":[27],"either":[29],"(a)":[30],"(b)":[33],"never":[34,64],"or":[36],"(c)":[37],"reinforced":[38],"fixed-ratio":[41],"schedule.":[43],"Results":[44],"showed":[45],"that":[46,69],"for":[47],"2":[48],"participants,":[52],"higher":[56],"when":[57],"prompt":[62],"reinforced.":[65],"These":[66],"data":[67],"suggest":[68],"altering":[70],"schedule":[73],"to":[74,80],"favor":[75],"may":[78],"lead":[79],"increased":[81],"responding.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}