{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140644104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","title":"High-performance dual-energy imaging with a flat-panel detector: imaging physics from blackboard to benchtop to bedside","display_name":"High-performance dual-energy imaging with a flat-panel detector: imaging physics from blackboard to benchtop to bedside","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140644104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","mag":"2140644104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.658080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014280818","display_name":"Jeff H. Siewerdsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-1317","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-1317"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325899441","display_name":"University Health Network","ror":"https://ror.org/042xt5161","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. H. Siewerdsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Health Network","University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Health Network","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017534233","display_name":"Nicholas A. Shkumat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-4587","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-4587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Shkumat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053655315","display_name":"Amar C. Dhanantwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7482-6014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7482-6014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Dhanantwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"D. B. Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. B. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113724605","display_name":"Samuel Richard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Richard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064405065","display_name":"Michael J. Daly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-4146","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2217-4146"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. J. Daly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065613714","display_name":"Narinder Singh Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-0125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1102-0125","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-8229"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. S. Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091342210","display_name":"Douglas J. Moseley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-8408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-8408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. J. Moseley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008048551","display_name":"David Anthony Jaffray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-7543","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7378-7543"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802654988","display_name":"Princess Margaret Cancer Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03zayce58","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325899441","https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. A. Jaffray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","Univ. of Toronto (Canada)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802654988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Toronto (Canada)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087198251","display_name":"J. Yorkston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159451","display_name":"Kodak (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn3ph18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Yorkston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastman Kodak Co. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastman Kodak Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109179355","display_name":"Richard V. Metter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159451","display_name":"Kodak (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04rn3ph18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Van Metter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eastman Kodak Co. (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eastman Kodak Co. (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210159451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96159655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6142","issue":null,"first_page":"61421E","last_page":"61421E"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-energy-imaging","display_name":"dual-energy imaging","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flat-panel-detector","display_name":"flat panel detector","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-allocation","display_name":"dose allocation","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-nodule-detection","display_name":"lung nodule detection","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-gated-imaging","display_name":"cardiac-gated imaging","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thoracic-imaging","display_name":"chest imaging","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-guided-interventions","display_name":"image-guided interventions","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-aided-detection","display_name":"computer-aided detection","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.62126225233078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5159869194030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5138037800788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94898600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241433","display_name":"Flat panel detector","level":3,"score":0.49727705121040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.41184505820274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.4029274880886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3724782466888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34867414832115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34777048230171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3467599153518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32159772515296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17862141132354736}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.658080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980854339","https://openalex.org/W1981258571","https://openalex.org/W1989556435","https://openalex.org/W1994106383","https://openalex.org/W1994991795","https://openalex.org/W2013529103","https://openalex.org/W2025716635","https://openalex.org/W2051806148","https://openalex.org/W2063567835","https://openalex.org/W2067543687","https://openalex.org/W2070404083","https://openalex.org/W2073742174","https://openalex.org/W2079805459","https://openalex.org/W2090133463","https://openalex.org/W2092666703","https://openalex.org/W2101796119","https://openalex.org/W2118850571","https://openalex.org/W2120903764","https://openalex.org/W2128740046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994106383","https://openalex.org/W2752739011","https://openalex.org/W2075971099","https://openalex.org/W2004845203","https://openalex.org/W1989943827","https://openalex.org/W3020003818","https://openalex.org/W2086157775","https://openalex.org/W2087584190","https://openalex.org/W1982821128","https://openalex.org/W2919510940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"application":[1],"of":[2,20,25,48,59,71,97,111,119,131,139,146,157,164,225,234,274,280,286],"high-performance":[3],"flat-panel":[4],"detectors":[5],"(FPDs)":[6],"to":[7,34,51,66,194,264,291],"dual-energy":[8],"(DE)":[9],"imaging":[10,33,43,72,77,92,153,160,203,289],"offers":[11],"the":[12,109,117,144,176,186,226,254,278],"potential":[13],"for":[14,88,206],"dramatically":[15],"improved":[16],"detection":[17],"and":[18,61,79,101,125,128,135,219,231,283,294],"characterization":[19],"subtle":[21,147],"lesions":[22],"through":[23],"reduction":[24],"\"anatomical":[26],"noise,\"":[27],"with":[28],"applications":[29],"ranging":[30],"from":[31,45,216],"thoracic":[32],"image-guided":[35],"interventions.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"work,":[39],"we":[40],"investigate":[41],"DE":[42,76,90,115,152,159,199,236,262,281,287],"performance":[44,73,290],"first":[46],"principles":[47],"image":[49,237,251],"science":[50],"preclinical":[52,82,202],"implementation,":[53,107],"including:":[54],"1.)":[55],"generalized":[56],"task-based":[57,140],"formulation":[58],"NEQ":[60,141],"detectability":[62,145],"as":[63],"a":[64,75,81,94,162,229,242],"guide":[65,105],"system":[67,83,204,227],"optimization;":[68],"2.)":[69],"measurements":[70],"on":[74,253],"benchtop;":[78],"3.)":[80],"developed":[84],"in":[85,93,150,198],"our":[86],"laboratory":[87],"cardiac-gated":[89,235,250],"chest":[91],"research":[95,268],"cohort":[96],"160":[98],"patients.":[99],"Theoretical":[100],"benchtop":[102],"studies":[103,208],"directly":[104],"clinical":[106],"including":[108],"advantages":[110],"double-shot":[112,151],"versus":[113],"single-shot":[114,158],"imaging,":[116],"value":[118],"differential":[120],"added":[121],"filtration":[122],"between":[123],"low-":[124],"high-kVp":[126,177],"projections,":[127],"optimal":[129,275],"selection":[130],"kVp":[132],"pairs,":[133],"filtration,":[134],"dose":[136],"allocation.":[137],"Evaluation":[138],"indicates":[142],"that":[143,156,172,248],"lung":[148],"nodules":[149],"can":[154],"exceed":[155],"by":[161],"factor":[163],"4":[165],"or":[166,181,191,256],"greater.":[167],"Filter":[168],"materials":[169],"are":[170],"investigated":[171],"not":[173],"only":[174],"harden":[175],"beam":[178,188],"(e.g.,":[179,189],"Cu":[180],"Ag)":[182],"but":[183],"also":[184],"soften":[185],"low-kVp":[187],"Ce":[190],"Gd),":[192],"leading":[193],"significantly":[195],"increased":[196],"contrast":[197],"images.":[200],"A":[201],"suitable":[205],"human":[207],"has":[209],"been":[210],"constructed":[211],"based":[212],"upon":[213],"insights":[214],"gained":[215],"these":[217],"theoretical":[218],"experimental":[220],"studies.":[221],"An":[222],"important":[223],"component":[224],"is":[228,259],"simple":[230],"robust":[232],"means":[233],"acquisition,":[238],"implemented":[239],"here":[240],"using":[241],"fingertip":[243],"pulse":[244],"oximeter.":[245],"Timing":[246],"schemes":[247],"provide":[249],"acquisition":[252],"same":[255],"successive":[257],"heartbeats":[258],"described.":[260],"Preclinical":[261],"images":[263],"be":[265],"acquired":[266],"under":[267],"protocol":[269],"will":[270],"afford":[271],"valuable":[272],"testing":[273],"deployment,":[276],"facilitate":[277],"development":[279],"CAD,":[282],"support":[284],"comparison":[285],"diagnostic":[288],"low-dose":[292],"CT":[293],"radiography.":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
