{"id":"https://openalex.org/W214017264","doi":null,"title":"From One to Three Sixty Assessing Leaders: 2d Place 2004 MacArthur Writing Award Winner","display_name":"From One to Three Sixty Assessing Leaders: 2d Place 2004 MacArthur Writing Award Winner","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W214017264","mag":"214017264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:214017264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-737515821/from-one-to-three-sixty-assessing-leaders","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764787750","display_name":"Military review","issn_l":"0026-4148","issn":["0026-4148"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Military review","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048809143","display_name":"Craig Whiteside","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7173"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Craig Whiteside","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-7173","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048809143"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9171764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"5","first_page":"86","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.3463999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.3463999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12802","display_name":"Competency Development and Evaluation","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.14900000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-leadership","display_name":"military leadership","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-feedback","display_name":"peer feedback","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selfless-service","display_name":"selfless service","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/officer-development","display_name":"officer development","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-development","display_name":"leadership development","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-professionalism","display_name":"military professionalism","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/army-transformation","display_name":"Army transformation","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-army","display_name":"United States Army","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-counseling","display_name":"developmental counseling","score":0.5929999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.6837468147277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198766705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29171","display_name":"Infantry","level":2,"score":0.500878095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4855008125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.47950392961502075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4539574682712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43862855434417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776948989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209572","display_name":"Military service","level":2,"score":0.4275549650192261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.42709311842918396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41605710983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38369476795196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3706735670566559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3620750904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.209104984998703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.14133095741271973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:214017264","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-737515821/from-one-to-three-sixty-assessing-leaders","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764787750","display_name":"Military review","issn_l":"0026-4148","issn":["0026-4148"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Military review","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:328479160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-123580071/from-one-to-three-sixty-assessing-leaders-2d-place","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764787750","display_name":"Military review","issn_l":"0026-4148","issn":["0026-4148"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315718","host_organization_name":"The MIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315718","https://openalex.org/P4310316440"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The MIT Press","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Military review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W328479160","https://openalex.org/W332199258","https://openalex.org/W144634013","https://openalex.org/W229496755","https://openalex.org/W12762780","https://openalex.org/W320981962","https://openalex.org/W207914642","https://openalex.org/W1596721993","https://openalex.org/W255495611","https://openalex.org/W7039016515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"2d":[0],"Place":[1],"2004":[2],"MacArthur":[3],"Writing":[4],"Award":[5],"Winner":[6],"The":[7,54,234,293,391],"efficiency":[8],"report":[9,340],"is":[10,20,86,228,352,388,430,447],"the":[11,17,21,58,87,91,111,114,148,159,165,190,198,221,285,297,315,318,324,332,348,384,409,440,461,467,499,502,506,554,565,572,592,607],"most":[12],"disturbing":[13,588],"administrative":[14],"farce":[15],"in":[16,30,38,57,145,158,193,337,412,460,491,495,498,542,597],"Army.":[18],"It":[19],"measure":[22],"of":[23,32,36,89,113,239,247,268,317,394,442,464,568,584],"following":[24],"and":[25,67,101,142,204,212,250,252,272,274,308,414,445,452,471,494,504,521],"not":[26,433],"leading.":[27],"Its":[28],"weight":[29],"tickets":[31],"success":[33],"allows":[34],"officers":[35],"incompetence":[37],"leadership":[39,270,413,566],"to":[40,124,129,136,147,172,196,201,230,264,328,339,346,362,408,426,439,485,528,562,564],"advance.":[41],"-anonymous":[42,95],"Army":[43,46,60,96,99,166,286,294,399,577,593],"captain,":[44],"U.S.":[45,59,98,108],"War":[47],"College":[48,104],"Study":[49],"on":[50,71,140,304,501,505,510,553,581],"Military":[51],"Professionalism,":[52],"1970":[53],"General":[55,102],"Officers":[56],"would":[61,184,261],"gain":[62],"much":[63],"from":[64,126,282,326],"having":[65],"instruction":[66],"developing":[68],"an":[69,168,225,302,353],"understanding":[70],"selfless":[72],"service":[73],"versus":[74],"selfish":[75],"service.":[76],"":[77],"Most":[78],"are":[79,134,237,370,423,469],"preoccupied":[80],"with":[81,117,301,586,606],"their":[82,178,269,279,478,492,496,539,569],"careers.":[83],"Unfortunately,":[84],"this":[85,543],"type":[88],"officer":[90],"system":[92,210,260],"moves":[93],"along.":[94],"major,":[97],"Command":[100],"Staff":[103],"Survey,":[105],"2000":[106],"THE":[107],"ARMY":[109],"celebrated":[110],"arrival":[112],"21st":[115],"century":[116],"a":[118,153,186,244,289,375,550,603],"much-needed":[119],"Transformation":[120],"effort":[121],"that":[122,356,387,511,535],"applies":[123],"everything":[125,421],"force":[127],"structure":[128],"logistics.":[130],"Leader":[131],"education":[132],"schools":[133],"changing":[135,149],"reflect":[137],"new":[138,333],"demands":[139],"junior":[141],"midlevel":[143],"leaders":[144,200],"response":[146],"operational":[150],"environment.":[151],"Yet":[152,366],"common":[154],"theme,":[155],"as":[156,167,477,526],"seen":[157],"two":[160,576],"quotes":[161],"given,":[162],"reveals":[163],"what":[164,378],"institution":[169],"has":[170,322,335],"yet":[171],"address-how":[173],"subordinates":[174,361,379,418,449,473,547],"or":[175,218,380,424],"peers":[176,381],"evaluate":[177],"leaders.":[179],"A":[180,207,258],"360-degree":[181,208,259,290],"leader-evaluation":[182],"tool":[183],"provide":[185],"substantial":[187],"improvement":[188],"for":[189,255,360,377,602],"Future":[191],"Force":[192],"its":[194],"mission":[195],"produce":[197],"best":[199],"face":[202],"current":[203],"future":[205],"challenges.":[206],"evaluation":[209,291],"elicits":[211],"provides":[213,357],"feedback":[214,227,359],"about":[215,383],"leaders-supervisors,":[216],"peers,":[217],"subordinates.":[219],"With":[220],"supervisor's":[222],"comments":[223,236],"being":[224],"exception,":[226],"anonymous":[229],"eliminate":[231],"possible":[232,256,604],"retribution.":[233],"rater's":[235],"part":[238],"developmental":[240],"counseling,":[241,347],"which":[242,338],"includes":[243],"detailed":[245],"account":[246],"another's":[248],"strengths":[249],"weaknesses":[251],"perceived":[253],"methods":[254],"improvement.":[257],"allow":[262],"subjects":[263],"review":[265],"others'":[266],"perceptions":[267,583],"abilities":[271],"characteristics":[273],"could":[275],"spur":[276],"self-reflection":[277],"when":[278,514],"self-perception":[280],"differs":[281],"others'.":[283],"Does":[284],"really":[287],"need":[288,482],"system?":[292],"recently":[295],"revamped":[296],"Officer":[298,309],"Evaluation":[299,310],"System":[300],"emphasis":[303],"more":[305],"senior-to-subordinate":[306],"counseling":[307,313,342],"Report":[311],"(OER)":[312],"at":[314],"end":[316],"rating":[319],"period.":[320],"This":[321],"improved":[323],"dialogue":[325],"seniors":[327],"subordinates,":[329,432],"especially":[330,552],"since":[331],"OER":[334],"blocks":[336],"mandatory":[341],"meetings.":[343],"In":[344,571,590],"addition":[345],"Army's":[349],"leader-development":[350],"program":[351],"effective":[354],"process":[355],"periodic":[358],"improve":[363],"over":[364],"time.1":[365],"all":[367],"these":[368],"programs":[369],"senior-to-subordinate-intensive.":[371],"None":[372],"give":[373],"raters":[374],"feel":[376],"think":[382],"leader,":[385,479],"if":[386,454],"indeed":[389],"important.":[390],"first":[392],"chapter":[393],"Field":[395],"Manual":[396],"(FM)":[397],"22-100,":[398],"Leadership,":[400],"quoting":[401],"Confederate":[402],"Colonel":[403],"Albert":[404],"G.":[405],"Jenkins,":[406],"alludes":[407],"subordinate's":[410],"role":[411],"command:":[415],"To":[416],"our":[417,431,434,448,472,530],"we":[419,422,455,480,488,515],"owe":[420],"hope":[425],"be.":[427],"For":[428],"it":[429,446,490,536],"superiors,":[435],"who":[436,450],"raise":[437],"us":[438,459,476],"dizziest":[441],"professional":[443],"heights,":[444],"can":[451],"will,":[453],"deserve":[456],"it,":[457],"bury":[458],"deepest":[462],"mire":[463],"disgrace.":[465],"When":[466],"chips":[468],"down":[470],"have":[474,549,559,579],"accepted":[475],"don't":[481],"any":[483],"superior":[484],"tell":[486],"us;":[487],"see":[489],"eyes":[493],"faces":[497],"barracks,":[500],"field,":[503],"battle":[507],"line.":[508],"And":[509],"final":[512],"day":[513],"must":[516],"be":[517,538],"ruthlessly":[518],"demanding,":[519],"cruel":[520],"heartless,":[522],"they":[523,558],"will":[524],"rise":[525],"one":[527,595],"do":[529,548,557],"bidding,":[531],"knowing":[532],"full":[533],"well":[534],"may":[537],"last":[540],"act":[541],"life.2":[544],"I":[545],"believe":[546],"vote,":[551],"battlefield.":[555],"But":[556],"anything":[560],"worthwhile":[561],"contribute":[563],"development":[567],"leaders?":[570],"past":[573],"30":[574],"years,":[575],"surveys":[578],"touched":[580],"subordinates'":[582],"leaders,":[585],"some":[587],"conclusions.":[589],"1970,":[591],"fought":[594],"war":[596,605],"Vietnam":[598],"while":[599],"also":[600],"preparing":[601],"Soviet":[608],"Union.":[609],"\u2026":[610]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}