{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140161007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","title":"Oocyte Cytoplasm Transfers and the Ethics of Germ-Line Intervention","display_name":"Oocyte Cytoplasm Transfers and the Ethics of Germ-Line Intervention","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140161007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","mag":"2140161007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11066879"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171945920","display_name":"The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","issn_l":"1073-1105","issn":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110425590","display_name":"John A. Robertson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John A. Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas Law School, Austin, USA","School of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas Law School, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Law","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110425590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17218543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"211","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13147","display_name":"Ethics and bioethics in healthcare","score":0.5282999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13275","display_name":"Medical and Health Sciences Research","score":0.17880000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12929","display_name":"Animal Genetics and Reproduction","score":0.08139999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-ethics","display_name":"reproductive ethics","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-cell-nuclear-transfer","display_name":"somatic cell nuclear transfer","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dolly-the-sheep","display_name":"Dolly the sheep","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-selection","display_name":"genetic selection","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-enhancement","display_name":"human enhancement","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-screening","display_name":"carrier screening","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prenatal-diagnosis","display_name":"prenatal diagnosis","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-technology","display_name":"reproductive technology","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6795068979263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112672928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q239526","display_name":"Offspring","level":3,"score":0.6621782779693604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776832483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q873308","display_name":"Sex selection","level":2,"score":0.6397026777267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5490111708641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.5398359298706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5217660069465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109825262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139164","display_name":"Germline","level":3,"score":0.4824731647968292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776690073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246226","display_name":"Oocyte","level":3,"score":0.46570876240730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.45591744780540466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.4529135227203369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160099875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237118","display_name":"Embryo transfer","level":3,"score":0.4219895601272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.4148534834384918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3529942035675049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.24393922090530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004272","descriptor_name":"DNA, Mitochondrial","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004992","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007247","descriptor_name":"Infertility, Female","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014019","descriptor_name":"Tissue Donors","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017240","descriptor_name":"Mitochondrial Myopathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017240","descriptor_name":"Mitochondrial Myopathies","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018587","descriptor_name":"Oocyte Donation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":"Q000331","qualifier_name":"legislation & jurisprudence","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019976","descriptor_name":"Cloning, Organism","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030342","descriptor_name":"Genetic Diseases, Inborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030881","descriptor_name":"Disclosure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032821","descriptor_name":"Commodification","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D036281","descriptor_name":"Genetic Research","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1998.tb01422.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171945920","display_name":"The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics","issn_l":"1073-1105","issn":["1073-1105","1748-720X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11066879","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11066879","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/533798","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/533798","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"192876","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47691230","https://openalex.org/W138720472","https://openalex.org/W1487014009","https://openalex.org/W1546676003","https://openalex.org/W1994904932","https://openalex.org/W1999078176","https://openalex.org/W2078669467","https://openalex.org/W2092690041","https://openalex.org/W2099631276","https://openalex.org/W2123497218","https://openalex.org/W2167507496","https://openalex.org/W2395206632","https://openalex.org/W2587447150","https://openalex.org/W2749667218","https://openalex.org/W2989033035","https://openalex.org/W4234831159","https://openalex.org/W4312231972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7031629576","https://openalex.org/W2084810184","https://openalex.org/W3153614706","https://openalex.org/W2065427742","https://openalex.org/W4322704630","https://openalex.org/W150599108","https://openalex.org/W1486089162","https://openalex.org/W2079932280","https://openalex.org/W7167536461","https://openalex.org/W2110493557"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79],"February":[1],"1997":[2],"announcement":[3],"of":[4,7,16,35,42,73,82,117,129,146],"the":[5,9,24,33,68,101,130],"birth":[6],"Dolly,":[8,39,61],"sheep":[10],"cloned":[11],"from":[12],"a":[13],"mammary":[14],"cell":[15,137],"an":[17],"adult":[18],"ewe,":[19],"has":[20],"drawn":[21],"attention":[22],"to":[23,27,38,66,93,110,120,126],"growing":[25],"ability":[26],"select,":[28],"alter,":[29],"or":[30,57,70,76,95,112,141,144],"otherwise":[31],"manipulate":[32],"genome":[34],"offspring.":[36,99],"Prior":[37],"ethical":[40,62],"discussion":[41],"genes":[43],"in":[44,86,98,135],"reproduction":[45,88],"had":[46],"focused":[47],"on":[48],"negative":[49],"selection:":[50],"carrier":[51],"screening,":[52],"prenatal":[53],"diagnosis,":[54],"and":[55],"abortion":[56],"embryo":[58],"discard.":[59],"After":[60],"debate":[63],"will":[64,91],"have":[65],"consider":[67],"direct":[69,142],"positive":[71],"use":[72,81],"genetic":[74,83],"selection":[75,84,128],"alteration":[77],"technology.":[78],"principal":[80],"techniques":[85,105],"human":[87],"(reprogenetics)":[89],"likely":[90,125],"be":[92,108],"treat":[94],"prevent":[96],"disease":[97],"In":[100],"future,":[102],"however,":[103],"such":[104],"might":[106],"also":[107],"used":[109],"enhance":[111],"even":[113],"diminish":[114],"expected":[115],"characteristics":[116],"progeny.":[118],"Techniques":[119],"accomplish":[121],"these":[122],"goals":[123],"are":[124],"include:":[127],"nuclear":[131],"genome,":[132],"as":[133],"occurs":[134],"somatic":[136],"cloning;":[138],"chromosomal":[139],"transplants;":[140],"insertion":[143],"deletion":[145],"specific":[147],"genes.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
