{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140051944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","title":"Can a Sex-Biased Human Demography Account for the Reduced Effective Population Size of Chromosome X in Non-Africans?","display_name":"Can a Sex-Biased Human Demography Account for the Reduced Effective Population Size of Chromosome X in Non-Africans?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140051944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","mag":"2140051944","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20453016","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2944028"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/molbev/msq117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2944028","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040644027","display_name":"Alon Keinan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-1122","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9760-1122"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Keinan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. ak735@cornell.edu","Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA. ak735@cornell.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011819951","display_name":"David Reich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107606265","display_name":"Broad Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05a0ya142","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Reich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts","Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107606265"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040644027"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":{"value":3418,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3418},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88149828,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"10","first_page":"2312","last_page":"2321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.03689999878406525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-chromosome","display_name":"X chromosome","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-population-size","display_name":"effective population size","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-africa-dispersal","display_name":"dispersal out of Africa","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-migration","display_name":"male migration","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/founder-effect","display_name":"founder effect","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autosomes","display_name":"autosomes","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-variation","display_name":"genetic variation","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-population-history","display_name":"human population history","score":0.43799999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134925867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186380","display_name":"Autosome","level":4,"score":0.8347597122192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8245402574539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3641667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295959","display_name":"Effective population size","level":4,"score":0.7217459082603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2554327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698599","display_name":"Coalescent theory","level":4,"score":0.7203541994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47559259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778143","display_name":"Biological dispersal","level":3,"score":0.6874099373817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6656771898269653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517289559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10297573","display_name":"Demographic history","level":4,"score":0.5508886575698853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.540093719959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107023163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143089","display_name":"Gene flow","level":4,"score":0.5291954278945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169733012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613416","display_name":"Population size","level":3,"score":0.5032755732536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35158069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61333","display_name":"X chromosome","level":3,"score":0.4933909475803375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.40723443031311035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3780708611011505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.37769442796707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12935695052146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.05323794484138489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004641","descriptor_name":"Emigration and Immigration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005828","descriptor_name":"Genetics, Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008957","descriptor_name":"Models, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011156","descriptor_name":"Population Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D041321","descriptor_name":"Chromosomes, Human, X","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/molbev/msq117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57552105","display_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","issn_l":"0737-4038","issn":["0737-4038","1537-1719"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Biology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2944028","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2944028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Biol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:20453016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20453016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular biology and evolution","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.182.4285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.182.4285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://keinanlab.cb.bscb.cornell.edu/Primarily_male_dispersal_out_of_Africa.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2944028","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2944028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Biol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4936000108718872,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5031385763","display_name":"Population structure in whole-genome disease scans","funder_award_id":"U01HG004168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","funder_display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337348","display_name":"National Human Genome Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00baak391"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598370459","https://openalex.org/W1822824834","https://openalex.org/W1971124112","https://openalex.org/W1984001183","https://openalex.org/W2001587667","https://openalex.org/W2005224030","https://openalex.org/W2005359772","https://openalex.org/W2025306791","https://openalex.org/W2028704045","https://openalex.org/W2035786794","https://openalex.org/W2071537857","https://openalex.org/W2090044071","https://openalex.org/W2094645048","https://openalex.org/W2097325658","https://openalex.org/W2097575470","https://openalex.org/W2102982283","https://openalex.org/W2103934482","https://openalex.org/W2119279196","https://openalex.org/W2134599124","https://openalex.org/W2138744193","https://openalex.org/W2145929902","https://openalex.org/W2150883566","https://openalex.org/W2151278389","https://openalex.org/W2156613316","https://openalex.org/W2161282108","https://openalex.org/W2161582762","https://openalex.org/W2162838464","https://openalex.org/W2164772551","https://openalex.org/W2168363280","https://openalex.org/W2172226817","https://openalex.org/W2217809488","https://openalex.org/W3128889789","https://openalex.org/W3136389637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097575470","https://openalex.org/W2082745692","https://openalex.org/W1984001183","https://openalex.org/W2172226817","https://openalex.org/W2974384546","https://openalex.org/W3046959408","https://openalex.org/W2046218970","https://openalex.org/W2058361761","https://openalex.org/W4408141822","https://openalex.org/W2151278389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sex-biased":[0],"demographic":[1,76],"events":[2],"can":[3,15,99],"result":[4],"in":[5,7,62,124,194,211],"asymmetries":[6],"female":[8,178],"and":[9,116,164],"male":[10,93,140],"effective":[11,63,197],"population":[12,64,129,169,198],"size":[13,65],"that":[14,88,104,204],"lead":[16],"to":[17,39,67,86],"different":[18],"patterns":[19,32,103,109],"of":[20,45,48,53,91,110,130,134,160,166,174,190],"genetic":[21,111,136],"variation":[22,112],"on":[23,30,33,113],"chromosome":[24,56,117,195,215],"X":[25,57,196],"than":[26],"are":[27,105],"expected":[28],"based":[29],"the":[31,34,43,46,68,96,101,114,127,151,171,188,191,213],"autosomes.":[35,69],"Previous":[36],"studies":[37],"point":[38],"a":[40,59,74,89,122,167,207],"period":[41],"around":[42],"time":[44,163],"dispersal":[47,98,172],"anatomically":[49],"modern":[50],"humans":[51],"out":[52,173],"Africa":[54,175],"when":[55,107],"experienced":[58],"significant":[60],"reduction":[61,193],"relative":[66],"Here,":[70],"we":[71],"explore":[72,155],"whether":[73],"sex-biased":[75,161],"history":[77,123],"could":[78],"explain":[79],"these":[80],"observations.":[81],"We":[82,153],"use":[83],"coalescent":[84],"simulations":[85],"show":[87],"model":[90,120],"primarily":[92,177],"migration":[94,179],"during":[95,170],"out-of-Africa":[97],"produce":[100],"striking":[102,214],"observed":[106,192],"comparing":[108],"autosomes":[115],"X.":[118],"The":[119],"involves":[121],"which":[125],"after":[126],"founder":[128],"non-Africans":[131],"lost":[132],"much":[133],"its":[135],"diversity,":[137],"subsequent":[138],"mostly":[139],"gene":[141],"flow":[142],"from":[143],"an":[144],"African":[145],"source":[146],"brought":[147],"new":[148],"diversity":[149],"into":[150],"population.":[152],"also":[154],"two":[156],"additional":[157],"models,":[158],"one":[159,165],"generation":[162],"substructured":[168],"with":[176],"among":[180],"demes.":[181],"These":[182],"latter":[183],"models":[184],"cannot":[185],"account":[186],"for":[187],"magnitude":[189],"size,":[199],"although":[200],"it":[201],"is":[202],"plausible":[203],"they":[205],"played":[206],"more":[208],"minor":[209],"role":[210],"producing":[212],"X/autosome":[216],"patterns.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}