{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139782007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","title":"XII. Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films","display_name":"XII. Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films","publication_year":1904,"publication_date":"1904-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139782007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","mag":"2139782007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229272","display_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character","issn_l":"0264-3952","issn":["0264-3952","2053-9258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. C. Maxwell Garnett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Maxwell Garnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College, Cambridge","Trinity college, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity college, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4374,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15686275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"203","issue":"359-371","first_page":"385","last_page":"420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10544","display_name":"Glass properties and applications","score":0.5228999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2503","display_name":"Ceramics and Composites"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10544","display_name":"Glass properties and applications","score":0.5228999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2503","display_name":"Ceramics and Composites"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10131","display_name":"Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications","score":0.08669999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.03480000048875809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-alloys","display_name":"amorphous alloys","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-films","display_name":"metal films","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-colors","display_name":"optical colors","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-particles","display_name":"gold particles","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-effects","display_name":"polarization effects","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radium-radiation","display_name":"radium radiation","score":0.7210000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.6674728393554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72422203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7392545","display_name":"SPHERES","level":2,"score":0.6425378322601318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5129908919334412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123266363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527601","display_name":"Amorphous metal","level":3,"score":0.44957268238067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911045874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900961","display_name":"Gold Colloid","level":4,"score":0.41528600454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3993059992790222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.363817036151886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104819515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900961","display_name":"Colloidal gold","level":3,"score":0.3374320864677429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.28424158692359924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2502337098121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23538517951965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.21133798360824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.17418834567070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16731151938438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1904.0024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210229272","display_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character","issn_l":"0264-3952","issn":["0264-3952","2053-9258"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921633558","https://openalex.org/W2142479478","https://openalex.org/W2085142476","https://openalex.org/W2089037524","https://openalex.org/W2012941083","https://openalex.org/W2556276584","https://openalex.org/W2004680659","https://openalex.org/W3146951977","https://openalex.org/W2076663232","https://openalex.org/W2139782007"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,18,209],"present":[2,222],"paper":[3],"contains":[4],"a":[5,12,94,128,217,227],"discussion":[6,19],"of":[7,11,38,69,76,100,121,123,130,142,175,195,219],"some":[8],"optical":[9,140],"properties":[10,141],"medium":[13],"containing":[14],"minute":[15,125],"metal":[16,32,42,50,221],"spheres.":[17],"is":[20,43,87,185,193,204],"divided":[21],"into":[22],"two":[23],"Parts:":[24],"the":[25,36,45,67,74,90,119,133,139,149,178,182,189,200,220],"first":[26],"Part":[27,47,65],"dealing":[28,48],"with":[29,49],"colours":[30],"in":[31,34,52,93,132,151,154,197,223,226,235],"glasses,":[33],"which":[35,53,203],"proportion":[37,55],"volume":[39],"occupied":[40],"by":[41,159,207],"small;":[44],"second":[46],"films,":[51],"this":[54],"may":[56],"have":[57,114],"any":[58],"value":[59],"from":[60,191,216],"zero":[61],"to":[62,116,127,164,172,214],"unity.":[63],"In":[64],"I.":[66],"observations":[68],"Siedentopf":[70],"and":[71,147,153],"Zsigmondy":[72],"beyond":[73],"limit":[75],"microscopic":[77],"vision":[78],"(\u2018Ann.":[79],"der":[80],"Phys.,\u2019":[81],"January,":[82],"1903)":[83],"are":[84,98,106,110,162],"discussed.":[85],"It":[86,184],"shown":[88,187],"that":[89,118,148,188,231],"particles":[91,99,170],"seen":[92],"gold":[95,101,144,160,169,198],"ruby":[96,145,201],"glass":[97,134,161,199,228,232],"which,":[102],"when":[103],"their":[104],"diameters":[105],"less":[107],"than":[108],"0.1\u03bc,":[109],"accurately":[111],"spherical.":[112],"I":[113],"endeavoured":[115],"show":[117],"presence":[120],"many":[122],"these":[124],"spheres":[126],"wave-length":[129],"light":[131],"will":[135,233],"account":[136],"for":[137],"all":[138],"\u201cregular\u201d":[143,237],"glass,":[146],"irregularities":[150],"colour":[152,202,230],"polarisation":[155],"effects":[156],"sometimes":[157],"exhibited":[158],"due":[163],"excessive":[165,173],"distance":[166],"between":[167],"consecutive":[168],"or":[171],"size":[174],"such":[176],"particles,":[177],"latter,":[179],"however,":[180],"involving":[181],"former.":[183],"also":[186],"radiation":[190],"radium":[192],"capable":[194],"producing":[196],"generally":[205],"produced":[206],"re-heating.":[208],"method":[210],"adopted":[211],"enables":[212],"us":[213],"predict":[215],"knowledge":[218],"metallic":[224],"form":[225],"what":[229],"be":[234],"its":[236],"state.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":77},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":102},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":91},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":135},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":172},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":172},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":177},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":179},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":186}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}