{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139763819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","title":"Ca2+-sensitive cytosolic nucleases prevent efficient delivery to the nucleus of injected plasmids","display_name":"Ca2+-sensitive cytosolic nucleases prevent efficient delivery to the nucleus of injected plasmids","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139763819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","mag":"2139763819","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11318114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jgm.160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91057606","display_name":"The Journal of Gene Medicine","issn_l":"1099-498X","issn":["1099-498X","1521-2254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Gene Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108522961","display_name":"H\ufffdl\ufffdne Pollard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\ufffdl\ufffdne Pollard","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie, H pital H tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie, H pital H tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026080513","display_name":"Gilles Toumaniantz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Toumaniantz","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110242046","display_name":"Jean-Luc Amos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Luc Amos","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063422967","display_name":"Herv\u00e9 Avet\u2010Loiseau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-0140","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-0140"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herv\ufffd Avet-Loiseau","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081586413","display_name":"Gilles Guihard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-6830","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2159-6830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilles Guihard","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113607312","display_name":"Jean\u2010Paul Behr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Paul Behr","raw_affiliation_strings":["URA CNRS 1386, Laboratoire de Chimie Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique, Faculte\u0301 de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France","URA CNRS 1386, Laboratoire de Chimie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"URA CNRS 1386, Laboratoire de Chimie Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique, Faculte\u0301 de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"URA CNRS 1386, Laboratoire de Chimie G\u00e9n\u00e9tique, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, Illkirch, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103423891","display_name":"Denis Escande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-8385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0460-8385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Denis Escande","raw_affiliation_strings":["INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mole\u0301culaires, Ho\u0302pital Ho\u0302tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"INSERM U533, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et de Pharmacologie Cellulaires et Mol\u00e9culaires, H\u00f4pital H\u00f4tel-Dieu, Nantes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103423891"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"],"apc_list":{"value":4480,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4480},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":148,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86679099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"153","last_page":"164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10613","display_name":"Virus-based gene therapy research","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-sensitivity","display_name":"calcium sensitivity","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-delivery","display_name":"nuclear delivery","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poly-ethyleneimine","display_name":"poly(ethyleneimine)","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonviral-gene-delivery","display_name":"non-viral gene delivery","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-therapy-vectors","display_name":"gene therapy vectors","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aurintricarboxylic-acid","display_name":"aurintricarboxylic acid","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligonucleotides","display_name":"oligonucleotides","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfection-efficiency","display_name":"transfection efficiency","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187882448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283478","display_name":"Complementary DNA","level":3,"score":0.9327936172485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.6880218982696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6081991195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777271071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422529","display_name":"Nuclease","level":3,"score":0.6007767915725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98539663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220599","display_name":"Cytosol","level":3,"score":0.5665619373321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.5268746018409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.47490155696868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.4254212975502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3230559229850769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.20801374316215515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.06395706534385681}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002460","descriptor_name":"Cell Line","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003600","descriptor_name":"Cytosol","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004798","descriptor_name":"Enzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010957","descriptor_name":"Plasmids","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017404","descriptor_name":"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017931","descriptor_name":"DNA Primers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018014","descriptor_name":"Gene Transfer Techniques","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018076","descriptor_name":"DNA, Complementary","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jgm.160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91057606","display_name":"The Journal of Gene Medicine","issn_l":"1099-498X","issn":["1099-498X","1521-2254"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Gene Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11318114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11318114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The journal of gene medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45084834","https://openalex.org/W90997337","https://openalex.org/W1482074366","https://openalex.org/W1525818955","https://openalex.org/W1568866400","https://openalex.org/W1598759779","https://openalex.org/W1973911001","https://openalex.org/W1983088587","https://openalex.org/W1983679593","https://openalex.org/W1988537267","https://openalex.org/W1991250077","https://openalex.org/W1994294376","https://openalex.org/W1996545689","https://openalex.org/W2006951637","https://openalex.org/W2014639173","https://openalex.org/W2016495149","https://openalex.org/W2034678057","https://openalex.org/W2038824902","https://openalex.org/W2055574063","https://openalex.org/W2067207099","https://openalex.org/W2068350301","https://openalex.org/W2086274688","https://openalex.org/W2089126365","https://openalex.org/W2090214004","https://openalex.org/W2102389359","https://openalex.org/W2122018739","https://openalex.org/W2143875501","https://openalex.org/W2318805600","https://openalex.org/W2333723104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973911001","https://openalex.org/W2084327544","https://openalex.org/W2014328495","https://openalex.org/W1991198029","https://openalex.org/W45084834","https://openalex.org/W2048310708","https://openalex.org/W1994294376","https://openalex.org/W1484090643","https://openalex.org/W2031329765","https://openalex.org/W2075148077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Efficient":[1],"gene":[2,12,29],"delivery":[3,17],"by":[4,90,213,250],"synthetic":[5,240],"vectors":[6,241],"is":[7,20,35,63,221],"a":[8,24,140,251],"major":[9,25],"challenge":[10],"in":[11,28,39,60,92,100,139,152,164,201,223],"therapy.":[13],"However,":[14],"inefficient":[15,230],"nuclear":[16],"of":[18,57,82,97,136,198,232,247],"cDNA":[19,42,59,68,98,112,128,138,148,166,192,203,211,233,249],"thought":[21,37],"to":[22,44,52,186],"be":[23,45],"limiting":[26],"step":[27],"transfer":[30,231],"using":[31],"non-viral":[32],"vectors.":[33],"It":[34],"commonly":[36],"that,":[38],"the":[40,53,61,80,120,133,218,224,229,235],"cytosol,":[41],"has":[43],"released":[46],"from":[47,144,244],"its":[48],"vector":[49],"before":[50],"importation":[51],"nucleus.":[54,134],"The":[55,168],"stability":[56],"naked":[58,111,127,137,248],"cytoplasm":[62,81],"not":[64,124],"well":[65],"established.":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"plasmids,":[69],"either":[70],"free":[71],"or":[72,161,188,196],"complexed":[73],"with":[74,115,194,239],"poly(ethyleneimine)":[75],"(PEI),":[76],"were":[77,103,130],"microinjected":[78],"into":[79,119,132,234],"mammalian":[83,145],"cells":[84,146],"and":[85,177],"their":[86],"turnover":[87],"was":[88,123,172,184],"assessed":[89],"fluorescence":[91],"situ":[93],"hybridization":[94],"(FISH).":[95],"Incubations":[96],"plasmids":[99,129],"cytosolic":[101,141,169,214,253],"extracts":[102],"also":[104],"performed.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"FISH":[107],"experiments":[108,208],"showed":[109],"that":[110,210,228],"rapidly":[113],"fade":[114],"time":[116],"when":[117,126,217],"injected":[118,131],"cytosol.":[121,225],"Fading":[122],"observed":[125,151],"Incubation":[135],"fraction":[142],"isolated":[143],"reproduced":[147],"degradation":[149],"as":[150],"microinjection":[153],"experiments.":[154],"Nuclease":[155],"inhibitors,":[156],"including":[157],"aurin":[158],"tricarboxylic":[159],"acid":[160],"Zn2+,":[162],"prevented":[163,200],"vitro":[165,202],"degradation.":[167,204],"nuclease":[170],"activity":[171],"optimal":[173],"at":[174],"physiological":[175,178],"pH":[176],"Ca2+":[179],"concentration.":[180],"By":[181],"contrast,":[182],"it":[183],"insensitive":[185],"Mg2+":[187],"Na+":[189],"concentrations.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"complexation":[193],"PEI":[195],"addition":[197],"oligonucleotides":[199],"CONCLUSION:":[205],"Altogether,":[206],"these":[207],"suggest":[209],"digestion":[212,246],"nucleases":[215],"occur":[216],"decomplexed":[219],"transgene":[220],"present":[222],"We":[226],"propose":[227],"nucleus":[236],"during":[237],"transfection":[238],"may":[242],"result":[243],"rapid":[245],"Ca2+-sensitive":[252],"nuclease.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}