{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139736414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","title":"Rules That Matter: Political Institutions and the Diversity\u2014Conflict Nexus","display_name":"Rules That Matter: Political Institutions and the Diversity\u2014Conflict Nexus","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139736414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","mag":"2139736414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022343307087176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/e6214415-abff-4614-b7ad-e9270536bfc4/content","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018098888","display_name":"Gerald Schneider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-6217","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0091-6217"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics and Management, University of Konstanz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics and Management, University of Konstanz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014878195","display_name":"Nina Wiesehomeier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-5647","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-5647"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Wiesehomeier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics and Management, University of Konstanz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics and Management, University of Konstanz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014878195","https://openalex.org/A5018098888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.291,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98525661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"183","last_page":"203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-war","display_name":"civil war","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-diversity","display_name":"ethnic diversity","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-institutions","display_name":"political institutions","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractionalization","display_name":"fractionalization","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-dominance","display_name":"ethnic dominance","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-polarization","display_name":"ethnic polarization","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-sharing","display_name":"power sharing","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"democracy","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authoritarian-regimes","display_name":"authoritarian regimes","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presidentialism","display_name":"presidentialism","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conflict-risk","display_name":"conflict risk","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-rules","display_name":"constitutional rules","score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-rules","display_name":"electoral rules","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71735400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477566","display_name":"Fractionalization","level":3,"score":0.8972931504249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6289772987365723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5725990533828735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.5695099234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46811288595199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144661447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173424","display_name":"Autocracy","level":4,"score":0.4261336028575897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197487636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49892","display_name":"Presidential system","level":3,"score":0.41869181394577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766875","display_name":"Ethnic conflict","level":3,"score":0.41098296642303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3860536813735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3836345672607422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.3790411949157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.37127310037612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3275580108165741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3056778907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2630394399166107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0022343307087176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343307087176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S71119591","display_name":"Journal of Peace Research","issn_l":"0022-3433","issn":["0022-3433","1460-3578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/3965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-50555","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/e6214415-abff-4614-b7ad-e9270536bfc4/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research. 2008, 45(2), S. 183-203. ISSN 0022-3433. eISSN 1460-3578. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: doi: 10.1177/0022343307087176","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.6678","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.6678","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://turin.sgir.eu/uploads/Schhneider-Rules_that_matter_endversion_0607.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:joupea:v:45:y:2008:i:2:p:183-203","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jpr.sagepub.com/content/45/2/183.abstract","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/3965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-50555","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/e6214415-abff-4614-b7ad-e9270536bfc4/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Peace Research. 2008, 45(2), S. 183-203. ISSN 0022-3433. eISSN 1460-3578. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: doi: 10.1177/0022343307087176","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139736414.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139736414.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51774562","https://openalex.org/W382126384","https://openalex.org/W399683634","https://openalex.org/W573599649","https://openalex.org/W1506532709","https://openalex.org/W1533460353","https://openalex.org/W1535643370","https://openalex.org/W1537646239","https://openalex.org/W1925504877","https://openalex.org/W1975264861","https://openalex.org/W1996583305","https://openalex.org/W1996840461","https://openalex.org/W2002145868","https://openalex.org/W2007352806","https://openalex.org/W2009260971","https://openalex.org/W2013156164","https://openalex.org/W2026187159","https://openalex.org/W2027570528","https://openalex.org/W2027918095","https://openalex.org/W2033440542","https://openalex.org/W2040735113","https://openalex.org/W2041918106","https://openalex.org/W2045509200","https://openalex.org/W2045672904","https://openalex.org/W2057238339","https://openalex.org/W2074504018","https://openalex.org/W2079694060","https://openalex.org/W2082408198","https://openalex.org/W2097754610","https://openalex.org/W2099304543","https://openalex.org/W2100563072","https://openalex.org/W2106615139","https://openalex.org/W2116239576","https://openalex.org/W2119210910","https://openalex.org/W2123965513","https://openalex.org/W2125353502","https://openalex.org/W2131830082","https://openalex.org/W2135572873","https://openalex.org/W2136399506","https://openalex.org/W2138886588","https://openalex.org/W2140048929","https://openalex.org/W2141976840","https://openalex.org/W2142013610","https://openalex.org/W2145159920","https://openalex.org/W2145869153","https://openalex.org/W2149758946","https://openalex.org/W2151398223","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2158111563","https://openalex.org/W2158938546","https://openalex.org/W2159137790","https://openalex.org/W2159191507","https://openalex.org/W2164109690","https://openalex.org/W2224939552","https://openalex.org/W2241105155","https://openalex.org/W2313330686","https://openalex.org/W2485471357","https://openalex.org/W2797720912","https://openalex.org/W2999762063","https://openalex.org/W3001837473","https://openalex.org/W3023324004","https://openalex.org/W3121507183","https://openalex.org/W3121823936","https://openalex.org/W3122074090","https://openalex.org/W3126105906","https://openalex.org/W4232508652","https://openalex.org/W4235547178","https://openalex.org/W4246324624","https://openalex.org/W4247376845","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298821308","https://openalex.org/W4300957408","https://openalex.org/W4301031005","https://openalex.org/W4319588245","https://openalex.org/W4378439297","https://openalex.org/W6963156135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2959426079","https://openalex.org/W7099740905","https://openalex.org/W1588160048","https://openalex.org/W2600255537","https://openalex.org/W2016604786","https://openalex.org/W1944716577","https://openalex.org/W2149758946","https://openalex.org/W3108876392","https://openalex.org/W2492430162","https://openalex.org/W7097575106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"One":[1],"controversy":[2],"in":[3,16,29,73,134,157,159,185,217],"the":[4,11,61,67,88,107,127,164,172,181,194,204,211,223],"study":[5],"of":[6,65,78,90,109,121,166,183,196,207,213],"civil":[7,91,148],"war":[8,184],"relates":[9],"to":[10,31,44,146,161],"role":[12],"that":[13,40,53,96,104,140,151,175,177,193],"institutions":[14,55,72,99],"play":[15],"ethnically":[17],"diverse":[18,186],"societies.":[19,187],"`Constitutional":[20],"engineers'":[21],"advance":[22],"various":[23],"institutional":[24,226],"arrangements,":[25],"ranging":[26],"from":[27],"democracy":[28],"general":[30],"specific":[32],"constitutional":[33],"and":[34,84,103,131,150,198],"electoral":[35],"rules,":[36],"as":[37,100],"those":[38],"mechanisms":[39],"help":[41],"divided":[42],"societies":[43],"resolve":[45],"disputes":[46],"peacefully.":[47,118],"Political":[48],"sociologists,":[49],"by":[50],"contrast,":[51],"maintain":[52],"political":[54,110],"are":[56,222],"largely":[57],"an":[58],"epiphenomenon.":[59],"Synthesizing":[60],"two":[62],"conflicting":[63],"schools":[64],"thought,":[66],"authors":[68,173],"examine":[69],"how":[70],"different":[71,169],"conjunction":[74],"with":[75,136,168],"three":[76],"forms":[77],"ethnic":[79],"diversity":[80,167],"\u2014":[81,86],"fractionalization,":[82],"dominance":[83],"polarization":[85],"affect":[87],"risk":[89,182],"war.":[92],"It":[93],"is":[94,154],"argued":[95],"groups":[97],"perceive":[98],"a":[101,208],"constraint":[102],"they":[105,113],"consider":[106],"usage":[108],"violence":[111],"if":[112],"cannot":[114],"achieve":[115],"their":[116],"goals":[117],"The":[119,188],"examination":[120],"these":[122],"conditional":[123],"institutionalist":[124],"hypotheses":[125],"for":[126,203],"period":[128],"between":[129],"1950":[130],"2000":[132],"shows,":[133],"accordance":[135],"recent":[137],"theoretical":[138],"work,":[139],"fractionalization":[141,197],"can":[142],"indeed":[143],"be":[144],"linked":[145],"low-intensity":[147],"wars":[149],"this":[152,218],"effect":[153],"particularly":[155],"strong":[156],"democracies":[158],"comparison":[160],"autocracies.":[162],"Interacting":[163],"measures":[165],"democratic":[170,214],"institutions,":[171],"confirm":[174],"rules":[176],"encourage":[178],"power-sharing":[179],"lower":[180],"event-history":[189],"models,":[190],"moreover,":[191],"show":[192],"combination":[195],"majoritarian":[199],"voting":[200],"forebodes":[201],"badly":[202],"internal":[205],"stability":[206],"state.":[209],"Within":[210],"set":[212],"regimes":[215],"studied":[216],"article,":[219],"presidential":[220],"systems":[221],"most":[224],"war-prone":[225],"setting.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
