{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139697548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","title":"Seasonal variation in colony size of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Cavern based on thermal imaging","display_name":"Seasonal variation in colony size of Brazilian free-tailed bats at Carlsbad Cavern based on thermal imaging","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139697548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","mag":"2139697548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165569574","display_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","issn_l":"0022-2372","issn":["0022-2372","1545-1542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113543165","display_name":"Nickolay I. Hristov","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nickolay I. Hristov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058798782","display_name":"Margrit Betke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-6868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4491-6868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margrit Betke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110151159","display_name":"Diane Theriault","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diane E. H. Theriault","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Angshuman Bagchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angshuman Bagchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083570181","display_name":"Thomas Kunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-778X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6241-778X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas H. Kunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113543165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":{"value":2988,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2988},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.723,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95512107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"1","first_page":"183","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11228","display_name":"Bat Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13546","display_name":"Census and Population Estimation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tadarida-brasiliensis","display_name":"Tadarida brasiliensis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colony-size-estimation","display_name":"colony size estimation","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-variation","display_name":"seasonal variation","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-infrared-imaging","display_name":"thermal infrared imaging","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-behavior","display_name":"emergent behavior","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-decline","display_name":"population decline","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carlsbad-caverns","display_name":"Carlsbad Caverns","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.7493948340415955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171878925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35509","display_name":"Cave","level":2,"score":0.7213982939720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5691109895706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5257259607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169733012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613416","display_name":"Population size","level":3,"score":0.48811325430870056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4613644480705261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.45973220467567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.4227580428123474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3607144355773926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3418040871620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32164934277534485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-391r.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165569574","display_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","issn_l":"0022-2372","issn":["0022-2372","1545-1542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Mammalogy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:kip_articles-11074","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/10074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"KIP Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:10.1644/08-MAMM-A-391R.1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1644/08-MAMM-A-391R.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402358","display_name":"BioOne Complete (BioOne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210111627","host_organization_name":"BioOne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111627"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1623501309","display_name":"Integrated Modeling and Assessment of Natural Populations   Using Infrared and Doppler Radar Imaging","funder_award_id":"9808396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2337291684","display_name":"ITR: Advanced Imaging and Information Technology for Assessing the Ecological and Economic Impact of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats on Agroecosystems","funder_award_id":"0326483","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332542","display_name":"National Park Service","ror":"https://ror.org/044zqqy65"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90724087","https://openalex.org/W1613301539","https://openalex.org/W1964116400","https://openalex.org/W1977794087","https://openalex.org/W1981748007","https://openalex.org/W1991125864","https://openalex.org/W1991705152","https://openalex.org/W1998382670","https://openalex.org/W2021648479","https://openalex.org/W2022283428","https://openalex.org/W2026851420","https://openalex.org/W2035458089","https://openalex.org/W2036833773","https://openalex.org/W2042395498","https://openalex.org/W2044598891","https://openalex.org/W2053178476","https://openalex.org/W2058821479","https://openalex.org/W2095349049","https://openalex.org/W2104707914","https://openalex.org/W2104838357","https://openalex.org/W2125650662","https://openalex.org/W2129607867","https://openalex.org/W2132432396","https://openalex.org/W2146020792","https://openalex.org/W2169492128","https://openalex.org/W2169998728","https://openalex.org/W2173731882","https://openalex.org/W2298702927","https://openalex.org/W2315356187","https://openalex.org/W2317283765","https://openalex.org/W2318806192","https://openalex.org/W2325681647","https://openalex.org/W2330407677","https://openalex.org/W2411195189","https://openalex.org/W3108894440","https://openalex.org/W3145299348","https://openalex.org/W4205180687","https://openalex.org/W4246378708","https://openalex.org/W4248867195","https://openalex.org/W4388251489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026851420","https://openalex.org/W6892880575","https://openalex.org/W783487016","https://openalex.org/W6930914772","https://openalex.org/W6967620966","https://openalex.org/W3000533747","https://openalex.org/W2313360159","https://openalex.org/W6968289448","https://openalex.org/W2293490632","https://openalex.org/W6949566974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95],"colony":[1,80,99,145],"of":[2,17,38,47,79,97,122,132,137,161,167,173,186],"Brazilian":[3],"free-tailed":[4],"bats":[5,174],"(Tadarida":[6],"brasiliensis)":[7],"at":[8],"Carlsbad":[9],"Cavern,":[10],"New":[11],"Mexico,":[12],"is":[13,147],"a":[14,29,84,158],"well-known":[15],"example":[16],"this":[18,39,68,72,178,190],"highly":[19,62],"gregarious":[20],"and":[21,45,91,180],"conspicuous":[22],"species":[23,191],"in":[24,51,177],"North":[25],"America.":[26],"For":[27],"nearly":[28],"century":[30],"researchers":[31],"have":[32,49,55],"tried":[33],"to":[34,58,115],"estimate":[35],"the":[36,98,126,165,183],"size":[37,81,96],"colony,":[40],"but":[41,61],"different":[42],"census":[43,87],"methods":[44],"lack":[46],"repeatability":[48],"resulted":[50],"questionable":[52],"estimates":[53,78,111,131,170],"that":[54,119,144,171,182],"given":[56],"rise":[57],"poorly":[59],"understood":[60],"popularized,":[63],"longterm":[64],"population":[65],"trends":[66],"for":[67,189],"migratory":[69],"species.":[70],"In":[71],"study":[73],"we":[74],"present":[75],"accurate":[76],"seasonal":[77],"based":[82],"on":[83],"recently":[85],"developed":[86],"method-thermal":[88],"infrared":[89],"imaging":[90],"computer":[92],"vision":[93],"analysis.":[94],"was":[100],"estimated":[101],"several":[102],"times":[103],"monthly":[104],"from":[105,113],"March":[106],"through":[107],"October":[108],"2005.":[109],"Our":[110,154],"range":[112],"67,602":[114],"793,838":[116],"bats,":[117],"values":[118],"are":[120],"orders":[121],"magnitude":[123],"lower":[124],"than":[125,151],"largest":[127],"historic":[128,169],"estimates.":[129],"Consecutive":[130],"nightly":[133],"emergences":[134],"show":[135],"fluctuations":[136],"as":[138,140,195,197],"many":[139],"291,000":[141],"individuals,":[142],"indicating":[143],"composition":[146],"considerably":[148],"more":[149],"dynamic":[150],"previously":[152],"thought.":[153,199],"results,":[155],"combined":[156],"with":[157],"quantitative":[159],"analysis":[160],"emergence":[162],"behavior,":[163],"question":[164],"validity":[166],"early":[168],"millions":[172],"once":[175],"roosted":[176],"cave":[179],"suggest":[181],"long-term":[184],"pattern":[185],"decline":[187],"reported":[188],"might":[192],"not":[193],"be":[194],"severe":[196],"currently":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
