{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139683780","doi":null,"title":"The protagonists and ideas behind the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996: the enactment of a conservative welfare system","display_name":"The protagonists and ideas behind the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996: the enactment of a conservative welfare system","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139683780","mag":"2139683780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/15378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/15378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064376","display_name":"Griffith Research Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030542634","display_name":"Brendon O\u2019Connor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-1000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-1000"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendon O\u2019Connor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Queensland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Queensland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030542634"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91693094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"4","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.7645999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.7645999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10443","display_name":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","score":0.22020000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-responsibility-and-work-opportunity-reconciliation-act","display_name":"PRWORA","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform","display_name":"welfare reform","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-requirements","display_name":"job requirements","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/out-of-wedlock-births","display_name":"out-of-wedlock births","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-responsibility","display_name":"personal responsibility","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779964582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4696621","display_name":"Aid to Families with Dependent Children","level":4,"score":0.7207897305488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.7130975127220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6294736862182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.5587570667266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111476811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5190255","display_name":"Moral responsibility","level":2,"score":0.5545413494110107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776592576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7550813","display_name":"Social Security Act","level":3,"score":0.5055909156799316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4701172113418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94982200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380545","display_name":"Entitlement (fair division)","level":2,"score":0.469261109828949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.449716180562973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.43868374824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.42059844732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.33809295296669006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777111884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Social security","level":2,"score":0.1153826117515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/15378","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/15378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064376","display_name":"Griffith Research Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"mag:2139683780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/15378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14445259","display_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","issn_l":"1043-1578","issn":["1043-1578","2327-641X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Justice A Journal of Crime Conflict & World Order","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47620001435279846,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13448633","https://openalex.org/W362136656","https://openalex.org/W568205247","https://openalex.org/W570012370","https://openalex.org/W580887156","https://openalex.org/W608606887","https://openalex.org/W621895586","https://openalex.org/W1487526201","https://openalex.org/W1490948437","https://openalex.org/W1503759762","https://openalex.org/W1515190248","https://openalex.org/W1519944975","https://openalex.org/W1559391422","https://openalex.org/W1574352532","https://openalex.org/W1583333529","https://openalex.org/W2004877893","https://openalex.org/W2015958526","https://openalex.org/W2018704161","https://openalex.org/W2021551171","https://openalex.org/W2067105350","https://openalex.org/W2075134107","https://openalex.org/W2086288149","https://openalex.org/W2091703841","https://openalex.org/W2091710380","https://openalex.org/W2104529259","https://openalex.org/W2320318608","https://openalex.org/W2440302202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W319661975","https://openalex.org/W2915218049","https://openalex.org/W2917563096","https://openalex.org/W4248295209","https://openalex.org/W1503841770","https://openalex.org/W2800053548","https://openalex.org/W2993239026","https://openalex.org/W870464465","https://openalex.org/W7112735159","https://openalex.org/W2502231131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"passing":[1],"of":[2,11,17],"the":[3],"Personal":[4],"Responsibility":[5],"and":[6,35,48],"Work":[7],"Opportunity":[8],"Reconciliation":[9],"Act":[10],"1996":[12],"culminated":[13],"over":[14],"two":[15],"decades":[16],"conservative":[18,26],"agitation":[19],"against":[20],"liberal":[21],"welfare":[22,27],"policies.":[23],"America's":[24],"new":[25],"legislation,":[28],"with":[29],"its":[30],"time":[31],"limits,":[32],"work":[33],"requirements,":[34],"attacks":[36],"on":[37],"out-of-wedlock":[38],"births,":[39],"is":[40],"a":[41],"much":[42],"tougher":[43],"system":[44],"that":[45],"demands":[46],"self-sufficiency":[47],"personal":[49],"responsibility.":[50]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}