{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139653117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","title":"Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses","display_name":"Observation of coherent optical information storage in an atomic medium using halted light pulses","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139653117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","mag":"2139653117","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/35054017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3636968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048998229","display_name":"Chien Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-0588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-0588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chien Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. chien@deas.harvard.edu","Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rowland Institute for Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. chien@deas.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011045645","display_name":"Zachary Dutton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary Dutton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Harvard University,  Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA","Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Harvard University,  Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064140254","display_name":"Cyrus H. Behroozi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-3707","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4067-3707"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyrus H. Behroozi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences,","Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058239276","display_name":"Lene Vestergaard Hau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lene Vestergaard Hau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Harvard University,  Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA","Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences,","Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Harvard University,  Cambridge, 02138, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences,","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rowland Institute for Science,  100 Edwin H. Land Boulevard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts , USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048998229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":78.4993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2216,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9998906,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"409","issue":"6819","first_page":"490","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-data-storage","display_name":"optical data storage","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetically-induced-transparency","display_name":"electromagnetically induced transparency","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetically-trapped-atoms","display_name":"magnetically trapped atoms","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-memory","display_name":"quantum memory","score":0.5490000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superposition-of-states","display_name":"superposition states","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-regeneration","display_name":"pulse regeneration","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipative-losses","display_name":"dissipative losses","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-processing","display_name":"quantum information processing","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131935069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3537757","display_name":"Electromagnetically induced transparency","level":2,"score":0.8709511756896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7361881732940674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27753989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284885","display_name":"Superposition principle","level":2,"score":0.6245127320289612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.62140291929245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5286990404129028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5109280943870544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52242126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806553","display_name":"Electromagnetically induced grating","level":5,"score":0.5065010786056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4989430904388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4751971960067749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68717125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735602","display_name":"Quantum optics","level":2,"score":0.4399639964103699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151662813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165224","display_name":"Slow light","level":3,"score":0.4233204424381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.40148842334747314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3292984366416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2839621305465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0937768816947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75302062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900150","display_name":"Photonic crystal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126753812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653294","display_name":"Diffraction grating","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207114421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900","display_name":"Diffraction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187384414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5884105","display_name":"Holographic grating","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/35054017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/35054017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:11206540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11206540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/3636968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3636968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:409:y:2001:i:6819:d:10.1038_35054017","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/35054017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/3636968","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3636968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13487777","https://openalex.org/W1977880823","https://openalex.org/W1979887543","https://openalex.org/W1995555678","https://openalex.org/W1998325718","https://openalex.org/W2035927728","https://openalex.org/W2038807806","https://openalex.org/W2079527390","https://openalex.org/W2085231553","https://openalex.org/W2128408194","https://openalex.org/W2140562769","https://openalex.org/W2158605123","https://openalex.org/W2211778065","https://openalex.org/W3037952079","https://openalex.org/W4254121186"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321380714","https://openalex.org/W1586034220","https://openalex.org/W2047420244","https://openalex.org/W2095092963","https://openalex.org/W2077328125","https://openalex.org/W2013260502","https://openalex.org/W3013564487","https://openalex.org/W2033567320","https://openalex.org/W3017110516","https://openalex.org/W1629119682"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":78},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":97},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":86}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}