{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139643950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","title":"Azimuthal scattering pattern of trees at X-band","display_name":"Azimuthal scattering pattern of trees at X-band","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139643950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","mag":"2139643950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/7.210099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070841724","display_name":"Ram M. Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3568-2702"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.M. Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108568439","display_name":"Steven E. Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.E. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036202483","display_name":"Jordan Dalton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.P. Dalton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Nebraska Univ., Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3468,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53257601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"588","last_page":"593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.8964999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.03590000048279762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.013399999588727951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trees","display_name":"trees","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-scattering","display_name":"forward scattering","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-scattering","display_name":"diffuse scattering","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depolarization","display_name":"depolarization","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/needleleaf-trees","display_name":"needleleaf trees","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadleaved-trees","display_name":"broadleaf trees","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vv-and-vh-polarization","display_name":"VV and VH polarization","score":0.8299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.9250316619873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7328437566757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6779468655586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6217668056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4780702590942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4755682349205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.42782387137413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.419598251581192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23243451118469238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1636265218257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11944073438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/7.210099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/7.210099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193624734","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","issn_l":"0018-9251","issn":["0018-9251","1557-9603","2371-9877"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498591401","https://openalex.org/W1976427157","https://openalex.org/W2006612591","https://openalex.org/W2060171721","https://openalex.org/W2084734203","https://openalex.org/W2125716714","https://openalex.org/W2333900504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498591401","https://openalex.org/W2118384836","https://openalex.org/W1994194308","https://openalex.org/W2182190705","https://openalex.org/W2113340493","https://openalex.org/W2006612591","https://openalex.org/W2096716512","https://openalex.org/W2024330283","https://openalex.org/W3202645933","https://openalex.org/W2163526372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,112],"azimuthal":[1,73],"scattering":[2,88],"characteristics":[3],"of":[4,7,60,92,120,135],"a":[5,17,38,83],"variety":[6],"fully":[8],"foliated":[9],"trees":[10,141],"were":[11,29,53,142],"measured":[12],"in":[13,85,117],"the":[14,43,65,70,78,86,108,118,133,146,151],"field":[15],"using":[16],"short-range":[18],"X-band":[19],"bistatic":[20],"radar":[21],"system":[22],"operating":[23],"at":[24,48,55],"9":[25],"GHz.":[26],"Azimuthal":[27],"measurements":[28],"made":[30],"for":[31],"both":[32],"VV":[33],"and":[34,45,57,64,126],"VH":[35],"polarizations":[36],"over":[37],"180":[39,93],"degrees":[40,50,94,125,128],"angle":[41,91],"between":[42,123],"transmitter":[44],"receiver":[46],"antennas":[47],"10":[49,124],"intervals.":[51],"Data":[52],"collected":[54],"transmit":[56],"receive":[58],"ranges":[59],"approximately":[61],"5":[62],"m,":[63],"beam":[66],"impinged":[67],"horizontally":[68],"on":[69,107,132],"trees.":[71],"power":[74,116],"pattern,":[75],"normalized":[76],"to":[77,97,105,144],"copolarized":[79],"backscattered":[80],"power,":[81],"showed":[82,129],"peak":[84],"forward":[87],"direction":[89],"(azimuth":[90],")":[95],"due":[96],"direct":[98],"coherent":[99],"transmission,":[100],"whose":[101],"magnitude":[102],"was":[103],"seen":[104],"depend":[106],"foliage":[109],"area":[110],"density.":[111],"diffuse":[113],"bistatically":[114],"scattered":[115],"range":[119],"azimuth":[121],"angles":[122],"90":[127],"standard":[130],"deviations":[131],"order":[134],"4":[136],"dB.":[137],"In":[138],"addition,":[139],"needleleaf":[140],"found":[143],"depolarize":[145],"incident":[147],"energy":[148],"more":[149],"than":[150],"broadleaf":[152],"trees.>":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
