{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139603211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","title":"A Novel Low-Density, High-Hardness, High-entropy Alloy with Close-packed Single-phase Nanocrystalline Structures","display_name":"A Novel Low-Density, High-Hardness, High-entropy Alloy with Close-packed Single-phase Nanocrystalline Structures","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139603211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","mag":"2139603211"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764759833","display_name":"Materials Research Letters","issn_l":"2166-3831","issn":["2166-3831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063213106","display_name":"Khaled M. Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-5223","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-5223"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled M. Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Technology, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Technology, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015727260","display_name":"A.J. Zaddach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-0427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-0427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J. Zaddach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101650911","display_name":"Changning Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-0553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9864-0553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changning Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060938733","display_name":"Douglas L. Irving","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-0548","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-0548"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas L. Irving","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071754637","display_name":"Carl C. Koch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1614-0205","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1614-0205"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carl C. Koch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7907, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071754637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"apc_paid":{"value":1190,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1459},"fwci":33.9672,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":650,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99907848,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"2","first_page":"95","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11143","display_name":"High Entropy Alloys Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11143","display_name":"High Entropy Alloys Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10204","display_name":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10633","display_name":"Metallic Glasses and Amorphous Alloys","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-entropy-alloys","display_name":"high-entropy alloys","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocrystalline-alloys","display_name":"nanocrystalline alloys","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-alloys","display_name":"low-density alloys","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-alloying","display_name":"mechanical alloying","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ball-milling","display_name":"ball milling","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fcc-to-hcp-transformation","display_name":"FCC to HCP transformation","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"annealing","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardness","display_name":"hardness","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-strength","display_name":"specific strength","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-phase-microstructure","display_name":"single-phase microstructure","score":0.6100000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.9272763729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140676511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964018","display_name":"Nanocrystalline material","level":2,"score":0.8861616849899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.8111468553543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.7548904418945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989427145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260295","display_name":"Single phase","level":2,"score":0.5449212789535522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780299837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18405127","display_name":"High entropy alloys","level":3,"score":0.5072893500328064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4942303001880646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.4157756268978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3580660820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3283010423183441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1339709758758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764759833","display_name":"Materials Research Letters","issn_l":"2166-3831","issn":["2166-3831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/61104","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/61104","pdf_url":"http://qspace.qu.edu.qa/bitstream/10576/61104/1/A%20Novel%20Low-Density%20%20High-Hardness%20%20High-entropy%20Alloy%20with%20Close-packed%20Single-phase%20Nanocrystalline%20Structures.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/21663831.2014.985855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764759833","display_name":"Materials Research Letters","issn_l":"2166-3831","issn":["2166-3831"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Research Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4310543233","display_name":"Defect Structure and Mechanical Behavior of High Entropy Alloys","funder_award_id":"1104930","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337367","display_name":"Division of Materials Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01pc7k308"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139603211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139603211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604785225","https://openalex.org/W1965783559","https://openalex.org/W1991258650","https://openalex.org/W2017299799","https://openalex.org/W2018579301","https://openalex.org/W2020462182","https://openalex.org/W2032205876","https://openalex.org/W2039061417","https://openalex.org/W2040286105","https://openalex.org/W2052772299","https://openalex.org/W2054168515","https://openalex.org/W2054974648","https://openalex.org/W2058085399","https://openalex.org/W2061445138","https://openalex.org/W2067138300","https://openalex.org/W2068600858","https://openalex.org/W2081776515","https://openalex.org/W2168686241","https://openalex.org/W4240782654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018697724","https://openalex.org/W2765268755","https://openalex.org/W2081845249","https://openalex.org/W3105839172","https://openalex.org/W3084229410","https://openalex.org/W2045058423","https://openalex.org/W2093547284","https://openalex.org/W2490757003","https://openalex.org/W3055879200","https://openalex.org/W3126355302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"low-density,":[1],"nanocrystalline":[2,40],"high-entropy":[3],"alloy,":[4],"Al20Li20Mg10Sc20Ti30":[5],"was":[6],"produced":[7],"by":[8],"mechanical":[9],"alloying.":[10],"It":[11],"formed":[12],"a":[13],"single-phase":[14,23],"fcc":[15],"structure":[16],"during":[17],"ball":[18],"milling":[19],"and":[20,42],"transformed":[21],"to":[22,45],"hcp":[24],"upon":[25],"annealing.":[26,52],"The":[27],"alloy":[28],"has":[29],"an":[30],"estimated":[31],"strength-to-weight":[32],"ratio":[33],"that":[34],"is":[35,43,49],"significantly":[36],"higher":[37],"than":[38],"other":[39],"alloys":[41],"comparable":[44],"ceramics.":[46],"High":[47],"hardness":[48],"retained":[50],"after":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":72},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}