{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139556769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","title":"Tropical forests and the changing earth system","display_name":"Tropical forests and the changing earth system","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139556769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","mag":"2139556769","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16553317","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1626535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91660768","display_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0962-8436","issn":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2139556769"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1626535/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044312224","display_name":"Simon L. Lewis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6851","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-7071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon L Lewis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography, Earth & Biosphere Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK","Find this author on PubMed","Google Scholar","Simon L Lewis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography, Earth & Biosphere Institute, University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Find this author on PubMed","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Scholar","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon L Lewis","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044312224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":406,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63888889,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"361","issue":"1465","first_page":"195","last_page":"210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.06920000165700912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tropical-forests","display_name":"tropical forests","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"deforestation","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intact-forests","display_name":"intact forests","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-carbon-sink","display_name":"forest carbon sink","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-cycle","display_name":"carbon cycle","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"climate change","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiversity-loss","display_name":"biodiversity loss","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sixth-mass-extinction","display_name":"sixth mass extinction","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-feedback","display_name":"positive feedback","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought","display_name":"drought","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-fires","display_name":"forest fires","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis-and-respiration","display_name":"photosynthesis and respiration","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use-change","display_name":"land use change","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-system","display_name":"Earth system","score":0.6819999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.7983075380325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.6992487907409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89920630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101998","display_name":"Biome","level":3,"score":0.6883645057678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.573227047920227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149677717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611523","display_name":"Carbon sink","level":3,"score":0.5637065768241882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5179632902145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5113860964775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6939412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon cycle","level":3,"score":0.49138060212135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122690726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3348639","display_name":"Land use, land-use change and forestry","level":3,"score":0.47462403774261475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115343472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Global warming","level":3,"score":0.45615875720977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199491958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737514","display_name":"Global change","level":3,"score":0.4547656178474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.4007076919078827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.37897989153862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35859519243240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3091275691986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20208635926246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003247","descriptor_name":"Conservation of Natural Resources","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014197","descriptor_name":"Trees","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014329","descriptor_name":"Tropical Climate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017752","descriptor_name":"Greenhouse Effect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017753","descriptor_name":"Ecosystem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044822","descriptor_name":"Biodiversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S91660768","display_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences","issn_l":"0962-8436","issn":["0962-8436","1471-2970"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319787","host_organization_name":"Royal Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319787"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16553317","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16553317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1626535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1626535/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1393346","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1393346/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES , 361 (1465) pp. 195-210. (2006)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1626535","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1626535/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8416160076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NE/D000300/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165656024","https://openalex.org/W595759701","https://openalex.org/W619008477","https://openalex.org/W1511868203","https://openalex.org/W1522296012","https://openalex.org/W1538959217","https://openalex.org/W1554573648","https://openalex.org/W1564614620","https://openalex.org/W1596169349","https://openalex.org/W1626806761","https://openalex.org/W1631255139","https://openalex.org/W1659955759","https://openalex.org/W1926521909","https://openalex.org/W1936774573","https://openalex.org/W1967820238","https://openalex.org/W1967846737","https://openalex.org/W1974656364","https://openalex.org/W1982390415","https://openalex.org/W1985808132","https://openalex.org/W1990958103","https://openalex.org/W1991298801","https://openalex.org/W1991355610","https://openalex.org/W1998834371","https://openalex.org/W2004610394","https://openalex.org/W2005307596","https://openalex.org/W2007451826","https://openalex.org/W2011855296","https://openalex.org/W2013895692","https://openalex.org/W2019896867","https://openalex.org/W2020005999","https://openalex.org/W2021565569","https://openalex.org/W2027824424","https://openalex.org/W2030893672","https://openalex.org/W2033417413","https://openalex.org/W2036847189","https://openalex.org/W2040124849","https://openalex.org/W2040263482","https://openalex.org/W2045906914","https://openalex.org/W2049563067","https://openalex.org/W2050059541","https://openalex.org/W2056926089","https://openalex.org/W2057199107","https://openalex.org/W2058662258","https://openalex.org/W2059603179","https://openalex.org/W2060160710","https://openalex.org/W2061717670","https://openalex.org/W2069400979","https://openalex.org/W2070205641","https://openalex.org/W2070319443","https://openalex.org/W2072978290","https://openalex.org/W2077015795","https://openalex.org/W2081060575","https://openalex.org/W2082077172","https://openalex.org/W2090826062","https://openalex.org/W2099311076","https://openalex.org/W2099857622","https://openalex.org/W2100930549","https://openalex.org/W2102200338","https://openalex.org/W2103703400","https://openalex.org/W2103934710","https://openalex.org/W2104071879","https://openalex.org/W2104659861","https://openalex.org/W2106106265","https://openalex.org/W2107606962","https://openalex.org/W2109141880","https://openalex.org/W2110922658","https://openalex.org/W2111233807","https://openalex.org/W2114892242","https://openalex.org/W2115000831","https://openalex.org/W2119199370","https://openalex.org/W2119744638","https://openalex.org/W2121207891","https://openalex.org/W2124622654","https://openalex.org/W2129008910","https://openalex.org/W2129372461","https://openalex.org/W2129999750","https://openalex.org/W2131864158","https://openalex.org/W2132008384","https://openalex.org/W2133501143","https://openalex.org/W2135656510","https://openalex.org/W2135844612","https://openalex.org/W2137672989","https://openalex.org/W2139562946","https://openalex.org/W2139667401","https://openalex.org/W2139755242","https://openalex.org/W2140134611","https://openalex.org/W2140825046","https://openalex.org/W2141086801","https://openalex.org/W2141135018","https://openalex.org/W2142793813","https://openalex.org/W2143304911","https://openalex.org/W2145701413","https://openalex.org/W2149936043","https://openalex.org/W2151165192","https://openalex.org/W2152368561","https://openalex.org/W2154779523","https://openalex.org/W2155343321","https://openalex.org/W2160252043","https://openalex.org/W2160571481","https://openalex.org/W2161480748","https://openalex.org/W2161783224","https://openalex.org/W2162204743","https://openalex.org/W2162348455","https://openalex.org/W2167825971","https://openalex.org/W2167863582","https://openalex.org/W2168604508","https://openalex.org/W2169806645","https://openalex.org/W2172398566","https://openalex.org/W2173986099","https://openalex.org/W2179299406","https://openalex.org/W2180146547","https://openalex.org/W2279041467","https://openalex.org/W2288945265","https://openalex.org/W2326954126","https://openalex.org/W2529323187","https://openalex.org/W2744451225","https://openalex.org/W2782383410","https://openalex.org/W2990621001","https://openalex.org/W3211630684","https://openalex.org/W4243021644","https://openalex.org/W4246462260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2744451225","https://openalex.org/W1757006577","https://openalex.org/W7099719675","https://openalex.org/W2623922078","https://openalex.org/W4404409014","https://openalex.org/W2172059002","https://openalex.org/W2898226032","https://openalex.org/W4411806392","https://openalex.org/W2883666593","https://openalex.org/W2103703400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tropical":[0],"forests":[1,107],"are":[2,34],"global":[3,48],"epicentres":[4],"of":[5,10,13,29,62,70,125,131,157],"biodiversity":[6,40,91,140,203],"and":[7,21,32,36,43,67,74,89,112,137,150,173,204],"important":[8],"modulators":[9],"the":[11,37,47,65,97,101,114,166,189,201],"rate":[12],"climate":[14,44,167,175],"change.":[15,176],"Recent":[16,52],"research":[17,31],"on":[18],"deforestation":[19,73],"rates":[20],"ecological":[22],"changes":[23,141],"within":[24,80],"intact":[25,82,106,143],"forests,":[26],"both":[27],"areas":[28],"recent":[30],"debate,":[33],"reviewed,":[35],"implications":[38],"for":[39],"(species":[41],"loss)":[42],"change":[45,181],"(via":[46],"carbon":[49,63,78,103],"cycle)":[50],"addressed.":[51],"impacts":[53],"have":[54],"most":[55],"likely":[56],"been:":[57],"(i)":[58],"a":[59,76,121],"large":[60,77,122],"source":[61,124],"to":[64,96,110,186],"atmosphere,":[66],"major":[68],"loss":[69],"species,":[71],"from":[72],"(ii)":[75],"sink":[79,104],"remaining":[81],"forest,":[83,144],"accompanied":[84],"by":[85],"accelerating":[86],"forest":[87,116,146,152],"dynamism":[88],"widespread":[90,145,151],"changes.":[92],"Finally,":[93],"I":[94],"look":[95],"future,":[98],"suggesting":[99],"that":[100,113,169,178],"current":[102],"in":[105,142,194],"is":[108,183],"unlikely":[109],"continue,":[111],"tropical":[115],"biome":[117],"may":[118],"even":[119,209],"become":[120],"net":[123],"carbon,":[126],"via":[127,148,154],"one":[128],"or":[129],"more":[130,210],"four":[132],"plausible":[133],"routes:":[134],"changing":[135],"photosynthesis":[136],"respiration":[138],"rates,":[139],"collapse":[147,153],"drought,":[149],"fire.":[155],"Each":[156],"these":[158],"scenarios":[159],"risks":[160],"potentially":[161],"dangerous":[162],"positive":[163],"feedbacks":[164,199],"with":[165],"system":[168],"could":[170],"dramatically":[171],"accelerate":[172],"intensify":[174],"Given":[177],"continued":[179],"land-use":[180],"alone":[182],"already":[184],"thought":[185],"be":[187,208],"causing":[188],"sixth":[190],"mass":[191],"extinction":[192],"event":[193],"Earth's":[195],"history,":[196],"should":[197],"such":[198],"occur,":[200],"resulting":[202],"societal":[205],"consequences":[206],"would":[207],"severe.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}