{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139505492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","title":"COSMIC RAYS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS AND THEIR NONTHERMAL EMISSION","display_name":"COSMIC RAYS IN GALAXY CLUSTERS AND THEIR NONTHERMAL EMISSION","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139505492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","mag":"2139505492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218271814300079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63240003","display_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","issn_l":"0218-2718","issn":["0218-2718","1793-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.7519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014074485","display_name":"G. Brunetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4195-8613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4195-8613","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-5825"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115661","display_name":"Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/029st3z03","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115661","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I875825670","display_name":"National Institute for Astrophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gh4kt33","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GIANFRANCO BRUNETTI","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRA-INAF, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRA-INAF, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115661","https://openalex.org/I875825670"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"THOMAS W. JONES","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"THOMAS W. JONES","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.2603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":666,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99774337,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"04","first_page":"1430007","last_page":"1430007"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.010700000450015068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-rays","display_name":"cosmic rays","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-clusters","display_name":"galaxy clusters","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracluster-medium","display_name":"intracluster medium","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonthermal-emission","display_name":"non-thermal emission","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchrotron-radiation","display_name":"synchrotron radiation","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-halos","display_name":"radio halos","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-relics","display_name":"radio relics","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-acceleration","display_name":"particle acceleration","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-ray-propagation","display_name":"cosmic ray propagation","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"magnetic field","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-evolution","display_name":"cluster evolution","score":0.4830000102519989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.694599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111309251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11547","display_name":"Cosmic ray","level":2,"score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75183268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140491","display_name":"Particle acceleration","level":3,"score":0.6047999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5142999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168997771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2022629","display_name":"Relativistic particle","level":3,"score":0.4553000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777702402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281159","display_name":"Radio halo","level":4,"score":0.3928999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20249676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217012","display_name":"Radio galaxy","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146867326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914363","display_name":"Structure formation","level":3,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91752515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1770333","display_name":"Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray","level":3,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36006759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308492","display_name":"Type-cD galaxy","level":4,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83160514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17512228","display_name":"Galaxy groups and clusters","level":4,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184665706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186310","display_name":"Halo","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43481613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46587","display_name":"Active galactic nucleus","level":3,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16332341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212871","display_name":"Synchrotron radiation","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1142/s0218271814300079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271814300079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63240003","display_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","issn_l":"0218-2718","issn":["0218-2718","1793-6594"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319815","host_organization_name":"World Scientific","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319815"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["World Scientific"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Modern Physics D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1401.7519","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.7519","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.7519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1401.7519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1401.7519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1401.7519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1401.7519","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1401.7519","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1401.7519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":301,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527309878","https://openalex.org/W1542205406","https://openalex.org/W1583927404","https://openalex.org/W1597699918","https://openalex.org/W1609526092","https://openalex.org/W1663305303","https://openalex.org/W1666822040","https://openalex.org/W1767307968","https://openalex.org/W1783065100","https://openalex.org/W1819056544","https://openalex.org/W1833408884","https://openalex.org/W1835360882","https://openalex.org/W1854249960","https://openalex.org/W1856313379","https://openalex.org/W1900532327","https://openalex.org/W1938013073","https://openalex.org/W1939646402","https://openalex.org/W1963701191","https://openalex.org/W1964061526","https://openalex.org/W1964669667","https://openalex.org/W1964866315","https://openalex.org/W1966600171","https://openalex.org/W1967106587","https://openalex.org/W1967119406","https://openalex.org/W1967137800","https://openalex.org/W1967794854","https://openalex.org/W1967824076","https://openalex.org/W1968500196","https://openalex.org/W1969092613","https://openalex.org/W1971316219","https://openalex.org/W1972569766","https://openalex.org/W1972668929","https://openalex.org/W1972798085","https://openalex.org/W1973598342","https://openalex.org/W1974366078","https://openalex.org/W1975215917","https://openalex.org/W1975996946","https://openalex.org/W1976415518","https://openalex.org/W1978113522","https://openalex.org/W1978962210","https://openalex.org/W1980806709","https://openalex.org/W1981238210","https://openalex.org/W1981950196","https://openalex.org/W1982844242","https://openalex.org/W1983072771","https://openalex.org/W1983311643","https://openalex.org/W1983494447","https://openalex.org/W1985068371","https://openalex.org/W1985288442","https://openalex.org/W1985904537","https://openalex.org/W1986382028","https://openalex.org/W1987711616","https://openalex.org/W1987716798","https://openalex.org/W1988275519","https://openalex.org/W1988782911","https://openalex.org/W1988869400","https://openalex.org/W1989756559","https://openalex.org/W1990940601","https://openalex.org/W1991624194","https://openalex.org/W1992595263","https://openalex.org/W1993164994","https://openalex.org/W1994263939","https://openalex.org/W1994673795","https://openalex.org/W1994853538","https://openalex.org/W1995863083","https://openalex.org/W1996975406","https://openalex.org/W1997911368","https://openalex.org/W1998320970","https://openalex.org/W1998541140","https://openalex.org/W1999457231","https://openalex.org/W2001121523","https://openalex.org/W2001123078","https://openalex.org/W2001229324","https://openalex.org/W2002791158","https://openalex.org/W2003209440","https://openalex.org/W2003588358","https://openalex.org/W2003711703","https://openalex.org/W2004334248","https://openalex.org/W2005534769","https://openalex.org/W2006063102","https://openalex.org/W2006206882","https://openalex.org/W2006510113","https://openalex.org/W2006888235","https://openalex.org/W2007023352","https://openalex.org/W2007030757","https://openalex.org/W2007499653","https://openalex.org/W2007800442","https://openalex.org/W2007890531","https://openalex.org/W2009112801","https://openalex.org/W2010171257","https://openalex.org/W2011488142","https://openalex.org/W2011546553","https://openalex.org/W2011553402","https://openalex.org/W2012449583","https://openalex.org/W2013696724","https://openalex.org/W2013793679","https://openalex.org/W2015563605","https://openalex.org/W2015780324","https://openalex.org/W2015895774","https://openalex.org/W2016999737","https://openalex.org/W2017486352","https://openalex.org/W2018131846","https://openalex.org/W2018613541","https://openalex.org/W2022386200","https://openalex.org/W2022839608","https://openalex.org/W2022883972","https://openalex.org/W2025798173","https://openalex.org/W2026700839","https://openalex.org/W2027260126","https://openalex.org/W2027305025","https://openalex.org/W2027537847","https://openalex.org/W2027929086","https://openalex.org/W2028001663","https://openalex.org/W2028342381","https://openalex.org/W2031352062","https://openalex.org/W2031832187","https://openalex.org/W2032882333","https://openalex.org/W2033247099","https://openalex.org/W2033589967","https://openalex.org/W2034146134","https://openalex.org/W2035587219","https://openalex.org/W2036672338","https://openalex.org/W2037640322","https://openalex.org/W2037871635","https://openalex.org/W2038360497","https://openalex.org/W2038974796","https://openalex.org/W2039299930","https://openalex.org/W2040403630","https://openalex.org/W2040854521","https://openalex.org/W2041525915","https://openalex.org/W2041643738","https://openalex.org/W2042302634","https://openalex.org/W2042372486","https://openalex.org/W2042574748","https://openalex.org/W2042939888","https://openalex.org/W2043250119","https://openalex.org/W2043417180","https://openalex.org/W2043742687","https://openalex.org/W2044458106","https://openalex.org/W2044755667","https://openalex.org/W2045681575","https://openalex.org/W2047715344","https://openalex.org/W2048409548","https://openalex.org/W2049335164","https://openalex.org/W2051981375","https://openalex.org/W2052033533","https://openalex.org/W2052440325","https://openalex.org/W2053570386","https://openalex.org/W2054266069","https://openalex.org/W2054531946","https://openalex.org/W2054809159","https://openalex.org/W2054960750","https://openalex.org/W2055547968","https://openalex.org/W2056294975","https://openalex.org/W2056413853","https://openalex.org/W2056683758","https://openalex.org/W2057116658","https://openalex.org/W2058502688","https://openalex.org/W2058959431","https://openalex.org/W2059044486","https://openalex.org/W2059648508","https://openalex.org/W2060271211","https://openalex.org/W2061603059","https://openalex.org/W2061675816","https://openalex.org/W2063712348","https://openalex.org/W2064221922","https://openalex.org/W2064598581","https://openalex.org/W2065165311","https://openalex.org/W2065839045","https://openalex.org/W2066256158","https://openalex.org/W2067405916","https://openalex.org/W2067548386","https://openalex.org/W2067773203","https://openalex.org/W2069332690","https://openalex.org/W2070145034","https://openalex.org/W2070276330","https://openalex.org/W2070298729","https://openalex.org/W2073042728","https://openalex.org/W2073622601","https://openalex.org/W2074716047","https://openalex.org/W2076286818","https://openalex.org/W2076784832","https://openalex.org/W2076816043","https://openalex.org/W2077843639","https://openalex.org/W2081091143","https://openalex.org/W2081317640","https://openalex.org/W2081739101","https://openalex.org/W2081817658","https://openalex.org/W2082275801","https://openalex.org/W2082460481","https://openalex.org/W2082543884","https://openalex.org/W2083067775","https://openalex.org/W2083342807","https://openalex.org/W2083628867","https://openalex.org/W2083729496","https://openalex.org/W2085013399","https://openalex.org/W2085579252","https://openalex.org/W2086195146","https://openalex.org/W2087092896","https://openalex.org/W2087510844","https://openalex.org/W2088013020","https://openalex.org/W2088515199","https://openalex.org/W2089155202","https://openalex.org/W2089454179","https://openalex.org/W2091313487","https://openalex.org/W2092151731","https://openalex.org/W2092199721","https://openalex.org/W2092464838","https://openalex.org/W2092899421","https://openalex.org/W2093051627","https://openalex.org/W2093932888","https://openalex.org/W2097140550","https://openalex.org/W2098340246","https://openalex.org/W2098445561","https://openalex.org/W2100198528","https://openalex.org/W2100261337","https://openalex.org/W2101686012","https://openalex.org/W2102220052","https://openalex.org/W2102237246","https://openalex.org/W2102608719","https://openalex.org/W2103313431","https://openalex.org/W2104663254","https://openalex.org/W2105176052","https://openalex.org/W2109512099","https://openalex.org/W2112938420","https://openalex.org/W2113490399","https://openalex.org/W2114077178","https://openalex.org/W2115632498","https://openalex.org/W2117822094","https://openalex.org/W2118286996","https://openalex.org/W2118865770","https://openalex.org/W2118950298","https://openalex.org/W2119907559","https://openalex.org/W2120274945","https://openalex.org/W2122483457","https://openalex.org/W2123670385","https://openalex.org/W2123902315","https://openalex.org/W2124089317","https://openalex.org/W2125603840","https://openalex.org/W2128973818","https://openalex.org/W2129459989","https://openalex.org/W2133643445","https://openalex.org/W2133759610","https://openalex.org/W2134698652","https://openalex.org/W2136277656","https://openalex.org/W2136440859","https://openalex.org/W2136838738","https://openalex.org/W2140107956","https://openalex.org/W2141623727","https://openalex.org/W2145177792","https://openalex.org/W2145269049","https://openalex.org/W2146642787","https://openalex.org/W2147377841","https://openalex.org/W2147622908","https://openalex.org/W2149522904","https://openalex.org/W2150187252","https://openalex.org/W2150479035","https://openalex.org/W2151105555","https://openalex.org/W2152012149","https://openalex.org/W2152606168","https://openalex.org/W2153321489","https://openalex.org/W2154811628","https://openalex.org/W2155140415","https://openalex.org/W2156719536","https://openalex.org/W2157633269","https://openalex.org/W2159389832","https://openalex.org/W2160647156","https://openalex.org/W2161264862","https://openalex.org/W2161901378","https://openalex.org/W2162139472","https://openalex.org/W2163752375","https://openalex.org/W2164930427","https://openalex.org/W2165317013","https://openalex.org/W2166251801","https://openalex.org/W2166504775","https://openalex.org/W2166647162","https://openalex.org/W2167500235","https://openalex.org/W2167784722","https://openalex.org/W2169717511","https://openalex.org/W2170070152","https://openalex.org/W2170408727","https://openalex.org/W2170461269","https://openalex.org/W2170761360","https://openalex.org/W2171491648","https://openalex.org/W2172220651","https://openalex.org/W2211796405","https://openalex.org/W2769936907","https://openalex.org/W2949439349","https://openalex.org/W2950305716","https://openalex.org/W2950431176","https://openalex.org/W2950758487","https://openalex.org/W2952379665","https://openalex.org/W2952840463","https://openalex.org/W2963149010","https://openalex.org/W3125562454","https://openalex.org/W4251369586","https://openalex.org/W4290078607","https://openalex.org/W4293241604","https://openalex.org/W4295202966","https://openalex.org/W4297572496","https://openalex.org/W4298085811"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"observations":[1],"prove":[2],"the":[3,13,17,24,39,42,77,81,94,109,112,125,136,150,167,171,173,180,184,197,207,227,242,247],"existence":[4],"of":[5,19,26,41,53,80,96,103,111,135,158,161,170,175,186,201,220,232],"relativistic":[6],"particles":[7],"and":[8,29,63,70,85,88,101,152,160,182,199,206,252],"magnetic":[9,71],"field":[10],"associated":[11],"with":[12],"intra-cluster-medium":[14],"(ICM)":[15],"through":[16],"presence":[18],"extended":[20],"synchrotron":[21],"emission":[22,115],"in":[23,46,105,124,140,149,179,194,203],"form":[25],"radio":[27,114,151,251],"halos":[28],"peripheral":[30],"relics.":[31],"This":[32],"observational":[33,146,210,233],"evidence":[34],"has":[35],"fundamental":[36],"implications":[37],"on":[38,93,116,166,183,217,237],"physics":[40],"ICM.":[43],"Nonthermal":[44],"components":[45,74],"galaxy":[47,106,204],"clusters":[48,59,97,205],"are":[49],"indeed":[50],"unique":[51],"probes":[52],"very":[54],"energetic":[55],"processes":[56],"operating":[57],"within":[58],"that":[60,212],"drain":[61],"gravitational":[62],"electromagnetic":[64],"energy":[65],"into":[66],"cosmic":[67],"rays":[68],"(CRs)":[69],"fields.":[72],"These":[73],"strongly":[75],"affect":[76],"(micro-)physical":[78],"properties":[79,102,157],"ICM,":[82,172],"including":[83,108],"viscosity":[84],"electrical":[86],"conductivities,":[87],"have":[89,118,213],"also":[90],"potential":[91],"consequences":[92],"evolution":[95],"themselves.":[98],"The":[99,156],"nature":[100],"CRs":[104,159,202],"clusters,":[107],"origin":[110],"observed":[113],"cluster-scales,":[117],"triggered":[119],"an":[120],"active":[121],"theoretical":[122],"debate":[123],"last":[126],"decade.":[127],"Only":[128],"recently":[129],"we":[130,192,235],"can":[131],"start":[132],"addressing":[133],"some":[134,195],"most":[137,208,243],"important":[138,215,244],"questions":[139],"this":[141,190,221],"field,":[142],"thanks":[143],"to":[144,226,240],"recent":[145],"advances,":[147],"both":[148],"at":[153],"high":[154],"energies.":[155],"cluster":[162],"nonthermal":[163],"emissions":[164],"depend":[165],"dynamical":[168],"state":[169],"efficiency":[174],"particle":[176],"acceleration":[177,198],"mechanisms":[178],"ICM":[181],"dynamics":[185],"these":[187],"CRs.":[188],"In":[189],"paper,":[191],"discuss":[193],"detail":[196],"transport":[200],"relevant":[209],"milestones":[211],"provided":[214],"steps":[216],"our":[218],"understanding":[219],"physics.":[222],"Finally,":[223],"looking":[224],"forward":[225],"possibilities":[228],"from":[229,250],"new":[230],"generations":[231],"tools,":[234],"focus":[236],"what":[238],"appear":[239],"be":[241],"prospects":[245],"for":[246],"near":[248],"future":[249],"high-energy":[253],"observations.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":80},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":55},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}