{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139493089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","title":"A Quantitative Analysis of Spectral Occupancy Measurements for Cognitive Radio","display_name":"A Quantitative Analysis of Spectral Occupancy Measurements for Cognitive Radio","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139493089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","mag":"2139493089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185404","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","issn_l":"1090-3038","issn":["1090-3038","2577-2465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111947208","display_name":"Robin I. C. Chiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin I. C. Chiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024799522","display_name":"Gerard B. Rowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-1037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-1037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard B. Rowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023739602","display_name":"Kevin W. Sowerby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin W. Sowerby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Auckland Univ.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":261,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99258624,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3016","last_page":"3020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"cognitive radio","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-occupancy","display_name":"spectral occupancy","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-distribution","display_name":"noise distribution","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-signal-detection","display_name":"primary signal detection","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-spectrum-sensing","display_name":"cooperative spectrum sensing","score":0.8640000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.850684404373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.7363598346710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5229911804199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.517718493938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5065995454788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.50323885679245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48072412610054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47246336936950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.47140195965766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152822103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","level":3,"score":0.46781086921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4668014645576477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.4193481504917145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3895091414451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.322505384683609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21966952085494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1739923655986786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1440894603729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2007.618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210185404","display_name":"IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference","issn_l":"1090-3038","issn":["1090-3038","2577-2465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 IEEE 65th Vehicular Technology Conference - VTC2007-Spring","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2122725120","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2161434110","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2170524206","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6678006313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129393855","https://openalex.org/W2093668145","https://openalex.org/W1025660791","https://openalex.org/W2308321251","https://openalex.org/W2141589031","https://openalex.org/W2221505376","https://openalex.org/W2103617264","https://openalex.org/W2067169201","https://openalex.org/W7095171526","https://openalex.org/W2404274318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"radio":[1,13],"(CR)":[2],"is":[3,35,77,124],"viewed":[4],"as":[5,107,137],"a":[6,20,51,167],"possible":[7],"solution":[8],"to":[9,37,39,78,165,180],"the":[10,27,42,58,75,88,94,117,138,171],"problem":[11],"of":[12,32,74,87,96,109,170],"spectrum":[14],"congestion.":[15],"The":[16,72],"CR":[17,144,150],"technique":[18],"utilizes":[19],"temporarily":[21],"unoccupied":[22],"licensed":[23,43],"band.":[24],"Before":[25],"investigating":[26],"technical":[28],"and":[29,64,103,130],"political":[30],"implications":[31],"CR,":[33],"it":[34],"necessary":[36,179],"know":[38],"what":[40],"extent":[41],"bands":[44],"are":[45,91,135],"temporally":[46],"unoccupied.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"describes":[50],"spectral":[52,81,104,119,156],"occupancy":[53,105],"measurement":[54,76,89],"campaign":[55],"conducted":[56],"in":[57,67,93,121,155,163],"frequency":[59],"range":[60],"between":[61],"806":[62],"MHz":[63,66],"2750":[65],"urban":[68],"Auckland,":[69],"New":[70],"Zealand.":[71],"purpose":[73],"identify":[79],"potential":[80],"opportunities":[82],"for":[83,142],"CR.":[84],"Statistical":[85],"analysis":[86],"results":[90,147,159],"presented":[92],"form":[95],"noise":[97],"distributions,":[98,102],"signal":[99],"amplitude":[100],"probability":[101],"rates":[106],"percentages":[108],"time.":[110],"These":[111,146,158],"analyses":[112],"indicate":[113],"that,":[114,162],"on":[115],"average,":[116],"actual":[118],"usage":[120],"this":[122],"band":[123],"only":[125],"about":[126],"6.2%.":[127],"Pint-to-point":[128],"links":[129],"some":[131],"mobile":[132],"uplink":[133],"channels":[134],"identified":[136],"most":[139],"probable":[140],"candidates":[141],"future":[143],"operations.":[145],"suggest":[148],"that":[149],"could":[151],"bring":[152],"significant":[153],"gains":[154],"usage.":[157],"also":[160],"imply":[161],"order":[164],"provide":[166],"reliable":[168],"detection":[169],"primary":[172],"signal,":[173],"cooperative":[174],"sensing":[175],"techniques":[176],"may":[177],"be":[178],"mitigate":[181],"various":[182],"wireless":[183],"channel":[184],"effects.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-10-26T11:51:55.731654","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
