{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139488556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","title":"Are Voters Equal under Proportional Representation?","display_name":"Are Voters Equal under Proportional Representation?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139488556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","mag":"2139488556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ajps.12225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90314269","display_name":"American Journal of Political Science","issn_l":"0092-5853","issn":["0092-5853","1540-5907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Political Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108508465","display_name":"Orit Kedar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-2316","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-2316"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orit Kedar","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086539525","display_name":"Liran Harsgor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-4990","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2701-4990"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liran Harsgor","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hebrew University of Jerusalem"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hebrew University of Jerusalem","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039481984","display_name":"Raz A. Sheinerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raz A. Sheinerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yifat Media Analysis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yifat Media Analysis","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4100},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.7589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.990577,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"676","last_page":"691"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proportional-representation","display_name":"proportional representation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-systems","display_name":"electoral systems","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parliamentary-representation","display_name":"parliamentary representation","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/district-magnitude","display_name":"district magnitude","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119588120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365595","display_name":"Proportional representation","level":4,"score":0.8864268064498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781440851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35749","display_name":"Parliament","level":3,"score":0.885802149772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.8133798837661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777094542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905151","display_name":"Ballot","level":4,"score":0.7623143196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.6931973695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6327246427536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778737903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182985","display_name":"Electoral system","level":4,"score":0.6203581690788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5949512124061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.5055027008056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780468282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375928","display_name":"Lower house","level":4,"score":0.4333537518978119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.3770674765110016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.37573307752609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.2800501585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2531980872154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22040587663650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.17695102095603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1453225016593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10632261633872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ajps.12225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90314269","display_name":"American Journal of Political Science","issn_l":"0092-5853","issn":["0092-5853","1540-5907"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Political Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124108810","https://openalex.org/W422945158","https://openalex.org/W589176899","https://openalex.org/W1486785686","https://openalex.org/W1546472494","https://openalex.org/W1572657909","https://openalex.org/W1581694436","https://openalex.org/W1957064834","https://openalex.org/W1964224704","https://openalex.org/W1966881569","https://openalex.org/W1970822724","https://openalex.org/W1973286879","https://openalex.org/W1978169322","https://openalex.org/W2001947080","https://openalex.org/W2014288992","https://openalex.org/W2016874175","https://openalex.org/W2020731668","https://openalex.org/W2031995743","https://openalex.org/W2040549995","https://openalex.org/W2041288792","https://openalex.org/W2043419934","https://openalex.org/W2063730695","https://openalex.org/W2063968649","https://openalex.org/W2074589553","https://openalex.org/W2079149302","https://openalex.org/W2080289065","https://openalex.org/W2099304543","https://openalex.org/W2099921486","https://openalex.org/W2100563072","https://openalex.org/W2109788312","https://openalex.org/W2114201972","https://openalex.org/W2120643638","https://openalex.org/W2124907399","https://openalex.org/W2138292455","https://openalex.org/W2145081646","https://openalex.org/W2145086645","https://openalex.org/W2153001883","https://openalex.org/W2153720675","https://openalex.org/W2169321683","https://openalex.org/W2170580374","https://openalex.org/W2253273165","https://openalex.org/W2329543604","https://openalex.org/W2329717113","https://openalex.org/W2330637067","https://openalex.org/W2485471357","https://openalex.org/W2498209614","https://openalex.org/W3121292395","https://openalex.org/W3123313380","https://openalex.org/W3127488876","https://openalex.org/W3148487900","https://openalex.org/W4206594964","https://openalex.org/W4211071219","https://openalex.org/W4244535370","https://openalex.org/W4246324624","https://openalex.org/W4250130736","https://openalex.org/W4251366449","https://openalex.org/W4255128906","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4391202120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403739585","https://openalex.org/W2127079154","https://openalex.org/W2111029197","https://openalex.org/W2330637067","https://openalex.org/W4394988279","https://openalex.org/W7099251086","https://openalex.org/W4317857826","https://openalex.org/W6990665515","https://openalex.org/W7095953972","https://openalex.org/W4205640375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"and":[2,8,40,67,71,111,130],"apply":[3],"a":[4,117],"new":[5],"conceptual":[6],"framework":[7],"measure":[9],"for":[10],"evaluating":[11],"electoral":[12,31],"systems,":[13],"focusing":[14],"on":[15,43],"(in)equality":[16],"in":[17,61,69,85,142],"parliamentary":[18,86,109],"representation.":[19],"Our":[20],"main":[21],"arena":[22],"of":[23,64,98],"interest":[24],"is":[25,137,145],"proportional":[26,72,92],"representation":[27,93],"with":[28,55,116,140],"districts,":[29,132],"an":[30,44],"system":[32],"employed":[33],"by":[34,128,147],"more":[35],"than":[36],"halfof":[37],"democratic":[38],"states,":[39],"we":[41,78,88,120],"draw":[42],"almost":[45],"entirely":[46],"overlooked":[47],"fact:":[48],"Electoral":[49],"regimes":[50],"vary":[51],"substantially":[52],"within":[53],"countries,":[54],"some":[56],"voters":[57,99,136],"casting":[58],"their":[59],"ballot":[60],"semi\u2010majoritarian":[62],"districts":[63],"few":[65],"representatives":[66],"others":[68],"large":[70,129],"ones.":[73],"This":[74],"within\u2010country":[75,114],"institutional":[76],"variation,":[77],"contend,":[79],"affects":[80],"representational":[81,133],"(in)equality.":[82],"Evaluating":[83],"equality":[84],"representation,":[87],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90,123],"districted":[91],"often":[94],"leads":[95],"to":[96],"overrepresentation":[97],"supporting":[100],"right\u2010leaning":[101],"parties.":[102],"Utilizing":[103],"district\u2010level":[104],"data":[105],"from":[106],"20":[107],"Western":[108],"democracies":[110],"complementing":[112],"our":[113],"approach":[115],"cross\u2010country":[118],"analysis,":[119],"further":[121],"show":[122],"where":[124],"parliaments":[125],"are":[126],"elected":[127,146],"small":[131],"inequality":[134],"among":[135],"greater":[138],"compared":[139],"countries":[141],"which":[143],"parliament":[144],"even\u2010magnitude":[148],"districts.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
