{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139486151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","title":"Current neutralization of nanosecond risetime, high-current electron beams","display_name":"Current neutralization of nanosecond risetime, high-current electron beams","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139486151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","mag":"2139486151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/27.108424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164692974","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","issn_l":"0093-3813","issn":["0093-3813","1939-9375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089691758","display_name":"Joseph P. Lidestri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.P. Lidestri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108369867","display_name":"P. W. Spence","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.W. Spence","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056183259","display_name":"V. Bailey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V.L. Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043733888","display_name":"Sidney D. Putnam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.D. Putnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069314877","display_name":"J. Fockler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Fockler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030225803","display_name":"Carl Eichenberger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Eichenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065872779","display_name":"P. Champney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.D. Champney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sciences, Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulse Sci. Inc., San Leandro, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23128606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"5","first_page":"855","last_page":"859"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.3991999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11175","display_name":"Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research","score":0.3991999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.34470000863075256,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.2012999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-neutralization","display_name":"current neutralization","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-current-electron-beam","display_name":"high-current electron beam","score":0.9710000157356262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30646810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185648","display_name":"Torr","level":2,"score":0.8562018871307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.8224687576293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6570836305618286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95312477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207340","display_name":"Cathode ray","level":3,"score":0.5707738995552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5653777122497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5164604187011719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.5037192702293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.46869373321533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14086860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337120","display_name":"Neutralization","level":3,"score":0.4422226846218109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3598644733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3488418161869049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.22913846373558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.12059628963470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/27.108424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/27.108424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164692974","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","issn_l":"0093-3813","issn":["0093-3813","1939-9375"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26027252","https://openalex.org/W135921394","https://openalex.org/W1615362618","https://openalex.org/W2036021655"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117237959","https://openalex.org/W2027315383","https://openalex.org/W2066441435","https://openalex.org/W2093091393","https://openalex.org/W7140995428","https://openalex.org/W229166704","https://openalex.org/W3012391900","https://openalex.org/W2549892062","https://openalex.org/W3126896019","https://openalex.org/W2080182320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"of":[1],"achieving":[2],"current":[3],"neutralization":[4],"in":[5],"fast-risetime":[6],"(>":[7]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}