{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139485577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","title":"Individual Differences in Optimization Problem Solving: Reconciling Conflicting Results","display_name":"Individual Differences in Optimization Problem Solving: Reconciling Conflicting Results","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139485577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","mag":"2139485577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7771/1932-6246.1030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=jps","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240481","display_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","issn_l":"1932-6246","issn":["1932-6246"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-140"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315873","host_organization_name":"Purdue University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Purdue University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=jps","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110116005","display_name":"Edward P. Chronicle","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward P. Chronicle","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii","Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899","https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110324537","display_name":"James N. MacGregor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James N. MacGregor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429794","display_name":"Michael David Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-0720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-0720","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-9374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine","Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065012287","display_name":"Thomas Caton Ormerod","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-1326","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-1326"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas C. Ormerod","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University","Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044359934","display_name":"Peter Hughes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hughes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Adelaide","Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Adelaide","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70646766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.1891999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.1891999989748001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.13009999692440033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.12929999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traveling-salesman-problem","display_name":"traveling salesman problem","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem-solving","display_name":"optimization problem solving","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-difficulty","display_name":"problem difficulty","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-processes","display_name":"cognitive processes","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.671301007270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175859090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322212","display_name":"Travelling salesman problem","level":2,"score":0.6683498620986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5550435781478882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48991698026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.4580594003200531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4318329095840454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42287445068359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3762987554073334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35143235325813293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33690375089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3339245617389679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20762532949447632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12128010392189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09731927514076233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7771/1932-6246.1030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=jps","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240481","display_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","issn_l":"1932-6246","issn":["1932-6246"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-140"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315873","host_organization_name":"Purdue University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Purdue University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.535.1007","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.535.1007","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1030%26context%3Djps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.716.5195","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.716.5195","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.socsci.uci.edu/%7Emdlee/ChronicleEtAl2008.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:docs.lib.purdue.edu:jps-1030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jps/vol2/iss1/4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196310","display_name":"Purdue e-Pubs (Purdue University System)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801333002","host_organization_name":"Purdue University System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801333002"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7771/1932-6246.1030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7771/1932-6246.1030","pdf_url":"https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=jps","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240481","display_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","issn_l":"1932-6246","issn":["1932-6246"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","poland-140"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315873","host_organization_name":"Purdue University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315873"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Purdue University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Problem Solving","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139485577.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139485577.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626292722","https://openalex.org/W1966873078","https://openalex.org/W1973415219","https://openalex.org/W2005538750","https://openalex.org/W2022692633","https://openalex.org/W2026522103","https://openalex.org/W2043751102","https://openalex.org/W2055338277","https://openalex.org/W2092439775","https://openalex.org/W2107355804","https://openalex.org/W2107631919","https://openalex.org/W2124218058","https://openalex.org/W2141667831","https://openalex.org/W2157737584","https://openalex.org/W2179622958","https://openalex.org/W2333080640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966873078","https://openalex.org/W2005538750","https://openalex.org/W2059427048","https://openalex.org/W2026522103","https://openalex.org/W2136538272","https://openalex.org/W2043751102","https://openalex.org/W7097215936","https://openalex.org/W2773536490","https://openalex.org/W2094662834","https://openalex.org/W2032767523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Results":[0],"on":[1,4,95,251],"human":[2],"performance":[3,59,63,97,250],"the":[5,21,72,82,90,100,111,126,135,150,153,167,173,194,209,237],"Traveling":[6],"Salesman":[7],"Problem":[8],"(TSP)":[9],"from":[10],"different":[11],"laboratories":[12],"show":[13],"high":[14],"consistency.":[15],"However,":[16],"one":[17,27,104],"exception":[18],"is":[19,254],"in":[20,77,81,152,226],"area":[22],"of":[23,40,146,155,157,164,166,178,187,196,214,224,239],"individual":[24,36,54,197,229],"differences.":[25],"While":[26],"research":[28],"group":[29,47,105],"has":[30,52],"consistently":[31],"failed":[32],"to":[33,88,232],"find":[34],"systematic":[35],"differences":[37,55,76,80,198,225,230],"across":[38,159],"instances":[39,84,108,253],"TSPs":[41],"(Chronicle,":[42],"MacGregor":[43],"and":[44,50,60,64,79,118,175,183,189],"Ormerod),":[45],"another":[46],"(Vickers,":[48],"Lee":[49],"associates)":[51],"found":[53],"both":[56],"within":[57],"TSP":[58,62,96,121],"between":[61,185,204],"other":[65],"cognitive":[66],"tasks.":[67],"Among":[68],"possible":[69],"reasons":[70],"for":[71,161,172],"conflicting":[73],"results":[74,151,192,215,243],"are":[75,244],"procedure":[78,101],"problem":[83,107],"used.":[85],"To":[86],"try":[87],"resolve":[89],"discrepancy,":[91],"we":[92,133],"collected":[93],"data":[94],"by":[98,103,110,125,139,208,256],"combining":[99],"used":[102,109,124],"with":[106,246],"other.":[112],"The":[113,170,191,212,242],"comparison":[114],"involved":[115],"nine":[116,119],"30-node":[117],"40-node":[120],"problems":[122,137,165,240],"previously":[123,206],"Vickers":[127],"group,":[128],"using":[129,142],"computer":[130,174],"presentation.":[131,147],"Here,":[132],"had":[134],"same":[136,168],"completed":[138],"112":[140],"participants":[141],"a":[143,200],"paper-and-pencil":[144],"mode":[145],"We":[148],"examined":[149],"form":[154],"distributions":[156,171],"correlations":[158,186],"individuals":[160],"each":[162],"pair":[163],"size.":[169],"paper":[176],"forms":[177],"presentation":[179],"were":[180],"very":[181],"similar,":[182],"centered":[184],"0.20":[188],"0.30.":[190],"indicated":[193,216],"presence":[195],"at":[199],"level":[201],"that":[202,217,249,260],"fell":[203],"those":[205],"reported":[207],"two":[210],"laboratories.":[211],"pattern":[213],"previous":[218],"discrepancies":[219],"did":[220],"not":[221],"arise":[222],"because":[223],"procedure.":[227],"Instead,":[228],"appeared":[231],"become":[233,267],"more":[234],"prevalent":[235],"as":[236,261],"difficulty":[238,263],"increased.":[241],"consistent":[245],"an":[247],"explanation":[248],"simpler":[252],"dominated":[255],"lower-level":[257],"processes,":[258],"but":[259],"instance":[262],"increases,":[264],"higher-level":[265],"functions":[266],"increasingly":[268],"involved.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}