{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139483594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","title":"Gas Chromatographic Method Optimization and Statistical Validation for the Determination of Trace Impurities in Street Doses of Heroin","display_name":"Gas Chromatographic Method Optimization and Statistical Validation for the Determination of Trace Impurities in Street Doses of Heroin","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139483594","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","mag":"2139483594"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152476886","display_name":"Analytical Letters","issn_l":"0003-2719","issn":["0003-2719","1532-236X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007280277","display_name":"Kar-Weng Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-1025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-1025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134138859","display_name":"Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/012s3r374","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134138859"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153777","display_name":"Department of Chemistry Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/04g1zbq46","country_code":"MY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153777"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kar-Weng Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia","Department of Chemistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia","Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science , Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) , Petaling Jaya , Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ; Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134138859","https://openalex.org/I33849332","https://openalex.org/I4387153777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science , Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) , Petaling Jaya , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134138859","https://openalex.org/I4387153777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035747243","display_name":"Guan Huat Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-1211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-1211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Huat Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007489520","display_name":"R.C.S. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-7049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-7049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard C. S. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007280277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134138859","https://openalex.org/I33849332","https://openalex.org/I4387153777"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7993,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86671435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"10","first_page":"1156","last_page":"1171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11460","display_name":"Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heroin","display_name":"heroin","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace-impurities","display_name":"trace impurities","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illicit-drug-production","display_name":"illicit drug production","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-validation","display_name":"statistical validation","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"principal component analysis","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-classification","display_name":"sample classification","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-alkanes","display_name":"n-alkanes","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.7709152698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71987851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7216430","display_name":"Impurity","level":2,"score":0.7228700518608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.721808671951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.592352032661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.46982455253601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.42603474855422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4181123375892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123460561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677065","display_name":"Gas chromatography","level":2,"score":0.41067296266555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.39299139380455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.24734967947006226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11697778105735779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.673102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S152476886","display_name":"Analytical Letters","issn_l":"0003-2719","issn":["0003-2719","1532-236X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69636877","https://openalex.org/W74558359","https://openalex.org/W1037015336","https://openalex.org/W1965206688","https://openalex.org/W1972889163","https://openalex.org/W1994810291","https://openalex.org/W1998543152","https://openalex.org/W2026280390","https://openalex.org/W2040451344","https://openalex.org/W2057257672","https://openalex.org/W2059680978","https://openalex.org/W2060830630","https://openalex.org/W2065828868","https://openalex.org/W2110263932","https://openalex.org/W2140999140","https://openalex.org/W2169686618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998543152","https://openalex.org/W2069536655","https://openalex.org/W2049584759","https://openalex.org/W1994810291","https://openalex.org/W1964237889","https://openalex.org/W6907767769","https://openalex.org/W2059680978","https://openalex.org/W2060110056","https://openalex.org/W2589275059","https://openalex.org/W1948072376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,12],"utilize":[4],"the":[5,15,50,71,87,98,119,133,141,150],"manufacturing":[6],"impurities":[7,33,52],"found":[8,96],"in":[9,66],"illicit":[10],"heroin":[11,27,84],"predict":[13],"whether":[14],"samples":[16,48,129,153],"had":[17],"originated":[18,156],"from":[19,82,157],"a":[20,54],"common":[21],"production":[22,161],"batch.":[23,162],"From":[24],"highly":[25,127],"cut":[26,128],"samples,":[28],"twelve":[29],"frequently":[30],"extractable":[31],"neutral/acidic":[32],"were":[34,130,135],"selected":[35],"for":[36,112],"investigation.":[37],"A":[38],"gas":[39],"chromatographic":[40],"method":[41,61,73],"was":[42,74,95],"optimized":[43,72,120],"using":[44,77,115],"three":[45],"locally":[46,151],"seized":[47,152],"containing":[49],"target":[51],"and":[53,132],"control":[55],"sample":[56,113],"consisting":[57],"of":[58,70,89,126],"n-alkanes.":[59],"The":[60,68,146],"optimization":[62],"procedures":[63],"are":[64],"reported":[65],"detail.":[67],"capability":[69],"further":[75],"assessed":[76],"five":[78],"simulated":[79],"links":[80],"prepared":[81],"unrelated":[83],"seizures.":[85],"With":[86],"aid":[88],"principal":[90],"component":[91],"analysis":[92],"(PCA),":[93],"it":[94],"that":[97,149],"statistical":[99],"data":[100],"pretreatment":[101],"(normalization":[102],"followed":[103],"by":[104,138],"standardization,":[105],"N":[106,142],"+":[107,143],"S)":[108],"showed":[109],"promising":[110],"results":[111],"classification":[114],"profiles":[116,134],"obtained":[117],"with":[118],"method.":[121],"Similarly,":[122],"252":[123],"street":[124],"doses":[125],"analyzed":[131],"statistically":[136],"decomposed":[137],"PCA":[139],"after":[140],"S":[144],"pretreatment.":[145],"statistics":[147],"suggested":[148],"could":[154],"have":[155],"more":[158],"than":[159],"one":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
