{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139458019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","title":"THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER EARNINGS GAPS AND DISCRIMINATION IN URBAN CHINA, 1988\u201395","display_name":"THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER EARNINGS GAPS AND DISCRIMINATION IN URBAN CHINA, 1988\u201395","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139458019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","mag":"2139458019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128035191","display_name":"The Developing Economies","issn_l":"0012-1533","issn":["0012-1533","1746-1049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066076716","display_name":"Sylvie D\u00e9murger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-7236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-7236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147622","display_name":"Groupe d'Analyse et de Th\u00e9orie Economique Lyon St Etienne","ror":"https://ror.org/042fmc481","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I188626449","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210147622","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I51195161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["FR","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvie D\u00c9MURGER","raw_affiliation_strings":["GATE, University of Lyon 2, France; and","HIEBS, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GATE, University of Lyon 2, France; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147622"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"HIEBS, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109181729","display_name":"Martin Fournier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147622","display_name":"Groupe d'Analyse et de Th\u00e9orie Economique Lyon St Etienne","ror":"https://ror.org/042fmc481","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I188626449","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I4210147622","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I51195161"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin FOURNIER","raw_affiliation_strings":["GATE, University of Lyon 2, France; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GATE, University of Lyon 2, France; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147622"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101455953","display_name":"Yi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3891-9106","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3891-9106","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-8830"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198244214","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Clermont Auvergne","ror":"https://ror.org/01a8ajp46","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198244214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153954","display_name":"Centre d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches sur le D\u00e9veloppement International","ror":"https://ror.org/01hg13988","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444","https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi CHEN","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERDI, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERDI, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198244214","https://openalex.org/I4387153954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2760,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2760},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0498,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9728223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"97","last_page":"121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.45509999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.3783999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.10130000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-pay-gap","display_name":"gender pay gap","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-liberalization","display_name":"market liberalization","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-reform","display_name":"economic reform","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-china","display_name":"urban China","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-owned-enterprises","display_name":"state-owned enterprises","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-invested-enterprises","display_name":"foreign-invested enterprises","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-enterprises","display_name":"collective enterprises","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-competition","display_name":"corporate competition","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-wage-differentials","display_name":"gender wage differentials","score":0.5289999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.8744348883628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.7396198511123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7360855937004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6668369174003601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6180292367935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993271050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender discrimination","level":2,"score":0.5945818424224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5810572504997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5162956118583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.486800879240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.44336998462677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.36193567514419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32004398107528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2916737198829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11934205889701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2007.00031.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128035191","display_name":"The Developing Economies","issn_l":"0012-1533","issn":["0012-1533","1746-1049"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00138124v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies, 2007, XLV (1), pp.97-121","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00138124","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124v1/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00138124v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00138124/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Developing Economies, 2007, XLV (1), pp.97-121","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139458019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2139458019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601908845","https://openalex.org/W630219362","https://openalex.org/W1520081999","https://openalex.org/W1569374106","https://openalex.org/W1577001291","https://openalex.org/W1601312546","https://openalex.org/W1758451695","https://openalex.org/W1978892319","https://openalex.org/W1979250677","https://openalex.org/W1984110182","https://openalex.org/W1987805041","https://openalex.org/W1996631653","https://openalex.org/W2027288997","https://openalex.org/W2028641589","https://openalex.org/W2029394297","https://openalex.org/W2030827590","https://openalex.org/W2048091220","https://openalex.org/W2059906551","https://openalex.org/W2076496956","https://openalex.org/W2089888523","https://openalex.org/W2093025488","https://openalex.org/W2113091225","https://openalex.org/W2125972761","https://openalex.org/W2153082475","https://openalex.org/W2171099002","https://openalex.org/W3022933309","https://openalex.org/W3122137680","https://openalex.org/W3122778197","https://openalex.org/W3123887045","https://openalex.org/W4254822529","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6774597725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2233675375","https://openalex.org/W7098735228","https://openalex.org/W2791107446","https://openalex.org/W7097080964","https://openalex.org/W3122137680","https://openalex.org/W3126064313","https://openalex.org/W2185884785","https://openalex.org/W4226341922","https://openalex.org/W2176762214","https://openalex.org/W2113091225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"analyzes":[2],"the":[3,20,23,29,57,75,97,110],"impact":[4],"of":[5,22,46,59,109],"market":[6],"liberalization":[7,82],"on":[8,96],"gender":[9,31],"earnings":[10,32,50],"differentials":[11],"and":[12,36,52,93],"discrimination":[13,119],"against":[14],"women":[15],"in":[16,28,68,71,86,89,120],"urban":[17,91],"China":[18],"at":[19],"beginning":[21],"1990s.":[24],"The":[25],"observed":[26],"stability":[27],"overall":[30],"gap":[33],"between":[34],"1988":[35],"1995":[37],"is":[38],"shown":[39],"to":[40,66,106],"result":[41],"from":[42],"a":[43,84,107],"complex":[44],"set":[45],"evolutions":[47],"across":[48],"enterprises,":[49],"distributions,":[51],"time.":[53],"Our":[54],"results":[55],"highlight":[56],"interplay":[58],"opposing":[60],"forces,":[61],"with":[62],"economic":[63],"reforms":[64],"contributing":[65],"changes":[67],"managers\u2019":[69],"behaviors":[70,88],"different":[72],"dimensions.":[73],"On":[74],"one":[76],"hand,":[77,99],"by":[78,100],"bringing":[79],"more":[80,116],"competition,":[81],"favored":[83],"reduction":[85],"discriminating":[87],"both":[90],"collectives":[92],"foreign\u2010invested":[94],"enterprises;":[95],"other":[98],"relaxing":[101],"institutional":[102],"rules,":[103],"it":[104],"led":[105],"loosening":[108],"government's":[111],"egalitarian":[112],"wage\u2010setting":[113],"policies,":[114],"leaving":[115],"space":[117],"for":[118],"state\u2010owned":[121],"enterprises.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}