{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139394374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","title":"A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead","display_name":"A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139394374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","mag":"2139394374","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42018803","display_name":"Civil War history","issn_l":"0009-8078","issn":["0009-8078","1533-6271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315744","host_organization_name":"Kent State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315744"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kent State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil War History","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050216090","display_name":"J. David Hacker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-955X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5971-955X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. David Hacker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University, SUNY","SUNY\u2014Binghamton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University, SUNY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY\u2014Binghamton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050216090"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":198.2045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":171,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999441,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"4","first_page":"307","last_page":"348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.4440999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14190","display_name":"Military history and social perspectives","score":0.4440999925136566,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12777","display_name":"Philosophy, History, and Historiography","score":0.06589999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-estimation","display_name":"mortality estimation","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/census-microdata","display_name":"census microdata","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excess-mortality","display_name":"excess mortality","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-statistics","display_name":"historical statistics","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-evidence","display_name":"historical evidence","score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historiography","display_name":"historiography","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-history","display_name":"quantitative history","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.8779457807540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.5641604065895081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.47216933965682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4536662697792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.43004053831100464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33741459250450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.25051310658454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.24388575553894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.13057023286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07738068699836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003625","descriptor_name":"Data Collection","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D047831","descriptor_name":"American Civil War","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D047831","descriptor_name":"American Civil War","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D047831","descriptor_name":"American Civil War","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049672","descriptor_name":"History, 19th Century","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cwh.2011.0061","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42018803","display_name":"Civil War history","issn_l":"0009-8078","issn":["0009-8078","1533-6271"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315744","host_organization_name":"Kent State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315744"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kent State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil War History","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22512048","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22512048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Civil War history","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/465917","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/465917","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60539621","https://openalex.org/W107887801","https://openalex.org/W144215998","https://openalex.org/W614246296","https://openalex.org/W615037034","https://openalex.org/W635978759","https://openalex.org/W1574553375","https://openalex.org/W1812035982","https://openalex.org/W1971629457","https://openalex.org/W1987971484","https://openalex.org/W1994735730","https://openalex.org/W2007568388","https://openalex.org/W2010468228","https://openalex.org/W2013595098","https://openalex.org/W2039868170","https://openalex.org/W2041780370","https://openalex.org/W2043606424","https://openalex.org/W2044135244","https://openalex.org/W2049410668","https://openalex.org/W2074883141","https://openalex.org/W2076399707","https://openalex.org/W2085175799","https://openalex.org/W2088153286","https://openalex.org/W2092127068","https://openalex.org/W2100756129","https://openalex.org/W2149905325","https://openalex.org/W2276047944","https://openalex.org/W2278893686","https://openalex.org/W2319878526","https://openalex.org/W2320251819","https://openalex.org/W2325134093","https://openalex.org/W2331845567","https://openalex.org/W2477488093","https://openalex.org/W2491416459","https://openalex.org/W2798713206","https://openalex.org/W2800664440","https://openalex.org/W2891922139","https://openalex.org/W2985684716","https://openalex.org/W3123783027","https://openalex.org/W3174714480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226414882","https://openalex.org/W4404469939","https://openalex.org/W1994735730","https://openalex.org/W2015156519","https://openalex.org/W2981502488","https://openalex.org/W2054895217","https://openalex.org/W2986422281","https://openalex.org/W3122644153","https://openalex.org/W4387830802","https://openalex.org/W4281714633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Census-Based":[1,568],"Count":[2,569],"of":[3,42,48,61,96,106,113,136,152,165,182,199,215,222,243,261,284,321,326,351,373,424,430,451,469,474,487,490,512,570,601,612,622,643,648,651],"the":[4,13,28,35,46,54,67,97,101,130,134,148,156,162,180,186,219,229,232,259,262,274,280,291,305,314,322,339,356,370,374,402,415,422,425,438,449,452,465,470,472,475,488,491,533,571,602,619,640,644],"Civil":[5,14,22,36,49,102,138,157,187,233,244,306,416,534,572,603],"War":[6,15,23,37,50,139,158,188,234,245,307,573,604],"Dead":[7,16],"J.":[8,58],"David":[9,59,382],"Hacker":[10,60,128,447],"(bio)":[11],"Counting":[12],"For":[17],"more":[18,237,479,583],"than":[19,238,483,584],"five":[20],"decades,":[21],"History":[24,51],"has":[25,84,554],"served":[26],"as":[27,171,173,196,207,211,376,379,446,524],"leading":[29],"venue":[30],"for":[31,441,528,549,587,639],"scholarly":[32],"publications":[33],"on":[34,559,566,597],"era.":[38],"Even":[39],"in":[40,74,81,125,179,338,410,461,494,498],"light":[41],"this":[43,75,428,550,557,591],"impressive":[44],"run,":[45],"editors":[47],"feel":[52],"that":[53,217,256,527,540,618],"following":[55],"contribution":[56],"by":[57,141,193,273,406,575,607],"Binghamton":[62],"University,":[63],"SUNY,":[64],"stands":[65],"among":[66],"most":[68,149,323],"consequential":[69],"pieces":[70],"ever":[71,295,303],"to":[72,93,155,170,252,434,459,505,509],"appear":[73],"journal\u2019s":[76],"pages.":[77],"Hacker,":[78],"a":[79,111,183,197,212,240,348,359,366,517,525,628],"specialist":[80],"quantitative":[82,327],"methods,":[83],"utilized":[85],"recently":[86],"released":[87],"microdata":[88],"samples":[89],"from":[90,519,664],"nineteenth-century":[91],"censuses":[92],"examine":[94],"one":[95],"archetypal":[98],"\u201cfacts\u201d":[99,268],"about":[100,290,504,532],"War\u2014the":[103],"oft-cited":[104],"total":[105],"620,000":[107],"plus":[108],"deaths.":[109,175],"Through":[110],"comparison":[112],"male":[114,122,353],"survival":[115,123],"rates":[116,124],"between":[117],"1860":[118],"and":[119,270,396,408,436,464,481,522,609],"1870":[120],"with":[121,347,673],"surrounding":[126],"censuses,":[127],"finds":[129],"traditional":[131],"statistic":[132],"understates":[133],"number":[135,151,368,647],"actual":[137,371],"deaths":[140,153,354,650,663],"approximately":[142],"20":[143],"percent.":[144],"In":[145,358,485],"his":[146,166],"estimation,":[147],"probable":[150],"attributable":[154],"is":[159,317,537],"752,000,":[160],"although":[161],"upper":[163],"bounds":[164],"data":[167],"set":[168],"point":[169],"many":[172],"851,000":[174],"As":[176,309,593],"an":[177,588],"exercise":[178],"recalculation":[181],"statistic,":[184],"\u201cCounting":[185,231],"Dead\u201d":[189,235,574],"might":[190],"be":[191],"regarded":[192],"skeptics":[194],"either":[195],"form":[198],"what":[200,332,501],"Thomas":[201],"Kuhn":[202],"[End":[203,562],"Page":[204,563],"307]":[205],"described":[206],"\u201cnormal":[208],"science\u201d":[209],"or":[210,636],"misleading":[213],"evocation":[214],"numeracy":[216],"belies":[218],"constructed":[220],"nature":[221,283],"statistics.":[223],"Such":[224],"readings,":[225],"we":[226,294,302,530,541],"believe,":[227],"miss":[228],"mark.":[230],"does":[236,279],"modify":[239],"hoary":[241],"bit":[242],"trivia;":[246],"instead,":[247],"it":[248],"implicitly":[249],"asks":[250],"us":[251,346,433,508,548],"consider":[253],"several":[254],"questions":[255],"lie":[257],"at":[258,421],"heart":[260],"modern":[263],"historical":[264,285,513],"enterprise.":[265],"How":[266,278],"do":[267,542],"emerge":[269],"become":[271],"accepted":[272,335],"profession":[275],"writ":[276],"large?":[277],"inevitably":[281],"limited":[282],"evidence":[286],"constrain":[287],"our":[288],"thinking":[289],"past\u2014and":[292],"can":[293,301,329,343,544],"transcend":[296],"these":[297],"limits?":[298],"Simply":[299],"put,":[300],"count":[304],"dead?":[308],"readers":[310],"will":[311],"soon":[312],"discover,":[313],"practical":[315],"answer":[316],"no.":[318],"The":[319,646],"use":[320],"sophisticated":[324],"tools":[325],"analysis":[328],"certainly":[330],"overturn":[331],"was":[333,496,595,627,654],"once":[334],"wisdom,":[336],"but,":[337],"final":[340],"analysis,":[341],"they":[342],"only":[344],"provide":[345],"probabilistic":[349],"range":[350],"excess":[352],"during":[355],"1860s.1":[357],"very":[360],"real":[361],"sense,":[362],"however,":[363],"fixating":[364],"upon":[365],"precise":[367],"obscures":[369],"meaning":[372,440],"numbers,":[375],"scholars":[377],"such":[378],"William":[380],"Blair,":[381],"Blight,":[383],"Jane":[384],"Turner":[385],"Censer,":[386],"Drew":[387],"Gilpin":[388],"Faust,":[389],"Barbara":[390],"Gannon,":[391],"Caroline":[392],"Janney,":[393],"Stuart":[394],"McConnell,":[395],"John":[397],"Neff":[398],"have":[399,580],"clearly":[400,655],"established":[401],"central":[403],"roles":[404],"occupied":[405],"loss":[407],"trauma":[409],"postbellum":[411],"America.":[412],"By":[413],"placing":[414],"War\u2019s":[417],"enormous":[418],"death":[419],"toll":[420],"center":[423],"postwar":[426,467],"world,":[427],"generation":[429],"scholarship":[431],"forces":[432],"stop":[435],"reconsider":[437],"war\u2019s":[439],"period":[442],"Americans.":[443],"And":[444],"since,":[445],"implies,":[448],"majority":[450],"uncounted":[453],"dead":[454,626],"were":[455,634,658],"likely":[456],"southerners":[457],"(thanks":[458],"deficiencies":[460],"Confederate":[462,624,632,652,661],"record-keeping":[463],"troubled":[466],"condition":[468],"south),":[471],"\u201cghosts":[473],"Confederacy\u201d":[476],"now":[477],"seem":[478],"numerous":[480],"persistent":[482],"ever.":[484],"terms":[486],"scale":[489],"carnage,":[492],"Richmond":[493],"1865":[495],"Paris":[497],"1918.":[499],"Thus,":[500],"you":[502],"are":[503],"read":[506],"takes":[507],"\u201cthe":[510],"frontiers":[511],"imagination\u201d":[514],"(to":[515],"borrow":[516],"phrase":[518],"Kerwin":[520],"Klein)":[521],"serves":[523],"reminder":[526],"all":[529],"know":[531],"War,":[535],"there":[536],"still":[538],"plenty":[539],"not\u2014and":[543],"never\u2014know.":[545],"To":[546],"prepare":[547],"journey,":[551],"James":[552,576],"McPherson":[553,578],"graciously":[555],"provided":[556],"commentary":[558],"Hacker\u2019s":[560],"work.":[561],"308]":[564],"Commentary":[565],"\u201cA":[567],"M.":[577],"I":[579,594,614],"been":[581],"waiting":[582],"twenty-five":[585],"years":[586],"article":[589],"like":[590],"one.":[592],"working":[596],"my":[598],"two":[599],"syntheses":[600],"era,":[605],"Ordeal":[606],"Fire":[608],"Battle":[610],"Cry":[611],"Freedom,":[613],"became":[615],"increasingly":[616],"aware":[617],"standard":[620],"estimate":[621],"258,000":[623],"war":[625],"significant":[629],"undercount.":[630],"Many":[631],"records":[633],"lost":[635],"incomplete,":[637],"especially":[638],"last\u2014and":[641],"bloodiest\u2014year":[642],"war.":[645],"disease-related":[649],"soldiers":[653],"underreported.":[656],"There":[657],"no":[659],"reported":[660],"noncombat":[662],"\u201cmiscellaneous\u201d":[665],"causes\u2014accidents,":[666],"drownings,":[667],"causes":[668],"not":[669],"stated,":[670],"et":[671],"cetera\u2014compared":[672],"nearly":[674],"twenty...":[675]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
