{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139392127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","title":"The impact of tracheostomy timing in patients with severe head injury: An observational cohort study","display_name":"The impact of tracheostomy timing in patients with severe head injury: An observational cohort study","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139392127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","mag":"2139392127","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14109371","display_name":"Injury","issn_l":"0020-1383","issn":["0020-1383","1879-0267"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016876268","display_name":"Hao\u2010Kuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-7502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-7502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Kuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835087","display_name":"Kang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-1378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1047-1378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084100274","display_name":"Po\u2010Chou Liliang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Chou Liliang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085954133","display_name":"Kuo\u2010Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6837-192X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6837-192X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo-Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009770481","display_name":"Han-Jung Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Jung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063161766","display_name":"Tai\u2010Been Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-4422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3348-4422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Been Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I\u2010Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I\u2010Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013521484","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Loong Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-0053","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-0053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091198","display_name":"E-Da Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00eh7f421","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98298690","display_name":"I-Shou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d7e4m76","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Loong Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091198","https://openalex.org/I98298690"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3640,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3640},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82920718,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"9","first_page":"1432","last_page":"1436"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.7056000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11260","display_name":"Tracheal and airway disorders","score":0.7056000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11681","display_name":"Nosocomial Infections in ICU","score":0.1873999983072281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracheostomy-timing","display_name":"tracheostomy timing","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"severe traumatic brain injury","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-tracheostomy","display_name":"early tracheostomy","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation duration","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-acquired-pneumonia","display_name":"nosocomial pneumonia","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gram-negative-pneumonia","display_name":"gram-negative pneumonia","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-duration","display_name":"antibiotic duration","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icu-length-of-stay","display_name":"ICU length of stay","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9198554754257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Mechanical ventilation","level":2,"score":0.7678333520889282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7403393983840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776376669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5094647","display_name":"Intensive care unit","level":2,"score":0.6717460751533508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6616884469985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777975874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920572","display_name":"Head injury","level":2,"score":0.5601027607917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5106030106544495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5008938312530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778551211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324921","display_name":"Tracheotomy","level":2,"score":0.4932345747947693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920253","display_name":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.4902808964252472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4299706220626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3600509762763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3583333194255829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.24559339880943298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003428","descriptor_name":"Cross Infection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006259","descriptor_name":"Craniocerebral Trauma","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007362","descriptor_name":"Intensive Care Units","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012121","descriptor_name":"Respiration, Artificial","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013624","descriptor_name":"Taiwan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014139","descriptor_name":"Tracheostomy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017052","descriptor_name":"Hospital Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018410","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018410","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018410","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053717","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053717","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053717","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2011.03.059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14109371","display_name":"Injury","issn_l":"0020-1383","issn":["0020-1383","1879-0267"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21536285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21536285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Injury","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161622316","https://openalex.org/W194583673","https://openalex.org/W1579352219","https://openalex.org/W1839760835","https://openalex.org/W1966477523","https://openalex.org/W1974786934","https://openalex.org/W1975609026","https://openalex.org/W1986856255","https://openalex.org/W1995080830","https://openalex.org/W1995729432","https://openalex.org/W1998585165","https://openalex.org/W1998701987","https://openalex.org/W2001493005","https://openalex.org/W2001744856","https://openalex.org/W2010414248","https://openalex.org/W2016916789","https://openalex.org/W2017746233","https://openalex.org/W2033152505","https://openalex.org/W2035106059","https://openalex.org/W2056858658","https://openalex.org/W2060065164","https://openalex.org/W2083244292","https://openalex.org/W2106079087","https://openalex.org/W2113298558","https://openalex.org/W2113396484","https://openalex.org/W2123066146","https://openalex.org/W2127103549","https://openalex.org/W2149689328","https://openalex.org/W2269295791","https://openalex.org/W2414698623","https://openalex.org/W3034355295","https://openalex.org/W4241711536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2254581805","https://openalex.org/W4388932955","https://openalex.org/W3193564568","https://openalex.org/W2016946868","https://openalex.org/W7217355065","https://openalex.org/W7217131083","https://openalex.org/W4236560257","https://openalex.org/W1998585165","https://openalex.org/W2008937144","https://openalex.org/W3198525317"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
