{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139342581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","title":"Ethics, methodology and the use of placebo controls in surgical trials","display_name":"Ethics, methodology and the use of placebo controls in surgical trials","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139342581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","mag":"2139342581","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16182936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8119441","display_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","issn_l":"0361-9230","issn":["0361-9230","1873-2747"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110058739","display_name":"Stephen Polgar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Polgar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia. s.polgar@latrobe.edu.au","School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3038, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia. s.polgar@latrobe.edu.au","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3038, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058548053","display_name":"Joanna Ng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3038, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3038, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110058739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":3280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3280},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45984113,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"4","first_page":"290","last_page":"297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.7768999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.7768999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12035","display_name":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","score":0.12710000574588776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.033799998462200165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-controlled-comparison","display_name":"placebo comparison","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sham-surgery","display_name":"sham surgery","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-trials","display_name":"surgical trials","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioethics","display_name":"bioethics","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo-effect","display_name":"placebo effect","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-transplantation","display_name":"neural transplantation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidence-based-medicine","display_name":"evidence-based medicine","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-design","display_name":"clinical trial design","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-protection","display_name":"patient protection","score":0.49000000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.8076106309890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5621415376663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019611579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6641956","display_name":"Surgical procedures","level":2,"score":0.5486888289451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775961468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7487374","display_name":"Sham surgery","level":3,"score":0.532662034034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4987518787384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4329407215118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.37710487842559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3717079758644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3655582070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.35636070370674133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12995219230651855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12680143117904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10646456480026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08089625835418701}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004992","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006805","descriptor_name":"Human Experimentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000941","qualifier_name":"ethics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015990","descriptor_name":"Placebo Effect","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D026689","descriptor_name":"Ethical Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8119441","display_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","issn_l":"0361-9230","issn":["0361-9230","1873-2747"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Research Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:16182936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16182936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain research bulletin","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/978239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/978239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:289042","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582768077","https://openalex.org/W1968167353","https://openalex.org/W1990255412","https://openalex.org/W2014571087","https://openalex.org/W2018585440","https://openalex.org/W2018775580","https://openalex.org/W2026983122","https://openalex.org/W2027205559","https://openalex.org/W2047668071","https://openalex.org/W2055399205","https://openalex.org/W2068772202","https://openalex.org/W2073377890","https://openalex.org/W2088934789","https://openalex.org/W2092467722","https://openalex.org/W2100445448","https://openalex.org/W2103977342","https://openalex.org/W2105688544","https://openalex.org/W2123840249","https://openalex.org/W2134178512","https://openalex.org/W2136089907","https://openalex.org/W2138462240","https://openalex.org/W2145855285","https://openalex.org/W2229932648","https://openalex.org/W2331364533","https://openalex.org/W2334461448","https://openalex.org/W2582891436","https://openalex.org/W3025643029","https://openalex.org/W3144772954","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992019318","https://openalex.org/W2615100609","https://openalex.org/W2342664650","https://openalex.org/W2009680926","https://openalex.org/W1883481340","https://openalex.org/W1990255412","https://openalex.org/W4416538898","https://openalex.org/W2571700979","https://openalex.org/W2073503313","https://openalex.org/W2146463306"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}