{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139337784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","title":"Webcam Mouse Using Face and Eye Tracking in Various Illumination Environments","display_name":"Webcam Mouse Using Face and Eye Tracking in Various Illumination Environments","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139337784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","mag":"2139337784","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17281041"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2139337784"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070444382","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Pin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-9118","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3434-9118"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Pin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University","Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021336696","display_name":"Yi\u2010Ping Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-5410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-5410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Ping Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059694468","display_name":"Chung\u2010Chih Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-471X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3047-471X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Chih Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017417609","display_name":"Jyh\u2010Horng Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Horng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5843397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2005","issue":null,"first_page":"3738","last_page":"3741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.5342000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.4092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"eye tracking","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-tracking","display_name":"face tracking","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illumination-variation","display_name":"illumination variation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-color-model","display_name":"skin color model","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-tracking","display_name":"real-time tracking","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-interaction","display_name":"human-machine interaction","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursor-control","display_name":"cursor control","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-and-click-games","display_name":"point-and-click games","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/portable-devices","display_name":"portable devices","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8586167693138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6757696270942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6486482620239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6312676072120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98907195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428562","display_name":"Facial motion capture","level":5,"score":0.6300309300422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.5158566832542419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4916086792945862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.48588794469833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4646422863006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4603888690471649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4430014491081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.381508469581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2005.1617296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608786","display_name":"Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)","issn_l":"2375-7477","issn":["2375-7477"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:17281041","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17281041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097346583","https://openalex.org/W2101546777","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2111045898","https://openalex.org/W2117247606","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2150856527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018109751","https://openalex.org/W2260047349","https://openalex.org/W2156157642","https://openalex.org/W2128243473","https://openalex.org/W1934216499","https://openalex.org/W2075760128","https://openalex.org/W7095853894","https://openalex.org/W2048739421","https://openalex.org/W1597558261","https://openalex.org/W2161372448"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"due":[1],"to":[2,17,71,132,139,158],"enhancement":[3],"of":[4,10,31,41,83],"computer":[5,142],"performance":[6],"and":[7,39,67,108,134,165,172],"popular":[8],"usage":[9],"webcam":[11],"devices,":[12],"it":[13],"has":[14],"become":[15],"possible":[16],"acquire":[18],"users'":[19],"gestures":[20],"for":[21,47,141],"the":[22,29,37,73,81,88,102,128,160,187],"human-computer-interface":[23],"with":[24],"PC":[25,161,175],"via":[26],"webcam.":[27],"However,":[28],"effects":[30],"illumination":[32,60,97],"variation":[33],"would":[34],"dramatically":[35],"decrease":[36],"stability":[38],"accuracy":[40,82],"skin-based":[42],"face":[43,84,107,164],"tracking":[44,75,149],"system;":[45],"especially":[46],"a":[48,154],"notebook":[49,116],"or":[50],"portable":[51],"platform.":[52],"In":[53,99],"this":[54,147],"study":[55],"we":[56,151],"present":[57],"an":[58],"effective":[59],"recognition":[61],"technique,":[62],"combining":[63],"K-Nearest":[64],"Neighbor":[65],"classifier":[66,90,120],"adaptive":[68],"skin":[69],"model,":[70],"realize":[72],"real-time":[74,100],"system.":[76],"We":[77],"have":[78,152],"demonstrated":[79],"that":[80],"detection":[85],"based":[86,145],"on":[87,146],"KNN":[89,119,140],"is":[91],"higher":[92],"than":[93],"92%":[94],"in":[95,170,182,186],"various":[96],"environments.":[98],"implementation,":[101],"system":[103,129,157],"successfully":[104],"tracks":[105],"user":[106],"eyes":[109],"features":[110],"at":[111,125],"15":[112],"fps":[113],"under":[114],"standard":[115],"platforms.":[117],"Although":[118],"only":[121],"initiates":[122],"five":[123],"environments":[124,138],"preliminary":[126],"stage,":[127],"permits":[130],"users":[131],"define":[133],"add":[135],"their":[136],"favorite":[137],"access.":[143],"Eventually,":[144],"efficient":[148],"algorithm,":[150],"developed":[153],"\"Webcam":[155],"Mouse\"":[156],"control":[159],"cursor":[162],"using":[163],"eye":[166],"tracking.":[167],"Preliminary":[168],"studies":[169],"\"point":[171],"click\"":[173],"style":[174],"web":[176],"games":[177],"also":[178],"shows":[179],"promising":[180],"applications":[181],"consumer":[183],"electronic":[184],"markets":[185],"future.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}