{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139305149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","title":"A new primary thermal noise standard at PTB for the frequency range 12.4-18.0 GHz","display_name":"A new primary thermal noise standard at PTB for the frequency range 12.4-18.0 GHz","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139305149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","mag":"2139305149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/19.278561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113661798","display_name":"F.-I. Buchholz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.-I. Buchholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technisch Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Phys.-Tech. Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technisch Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phys.-Tech. Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108496405","display_name":"W. Kessel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Kessel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technisch Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Phys.-Tech. Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technisch Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phys.-Tech. Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84502346,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":"258","last_page":"263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.7871000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.7871000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.13289999961853027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.038100000470876694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line-monitoring","display_name":"transmission line monitoring","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power-measurement","display_name":"noise power measurement","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation-measurement","display_name":"attenuation measurement","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-properties","display_name":"thermal properties","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-properties","display_name":"electrical properties","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6436172127723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5595429539680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140311924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200928","display_name":"Electric power transmission","level":2,"score":0.520195722579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.4259442687034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4237458407878876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.4233427941799164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41825735569000244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3953368365764618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38537466526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36654168367385864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34249359369277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33788615465164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31960129737854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16960552334785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.09614834189414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/19.278561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/19.278561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016468578","https://openalex.org/W2038462420","https://openalex.org/W2087730432","https://openalex.org/W2100679585","https://openalex.org/W2583248355","https://openalex.org/W4242740251"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016468578","https://openalex.org/W4235269946","https://openalex.org/W2047520736","https://openalex.org/W1964950569","https://openalex.org/W2100679585","https://openalex.org/W2583248355","https://openalex.org/W2053316803","https://openalex.org/W4232531828","https://openalex.org/W2086763991","https://openalex.org/W2070810745"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,34],"new":[1],"primary":[2],"thermal":[3,26],"noise":[4,51],"standard":[5,43],"for":[6,37],"the":[7,17,38,42],"waveguide":[8],"band":[9],"R140":[10],"is":[11,44],"presented.":[12],"The":[13],"modular":[14],"configuration":[15],"of":[16,21,41,48],"standard,":[18],"which":[19],"consists":[20],"three":[22],"parts,":[23],"enables":[24],"its":[25],"and":[27,50],"electrical":[28],"properties":[29],"to":[30],"be":[31],"accurately":[32],"determined.":[33],"monitoring":[35],"assembly":[36],"transmission":[39],"line":[40],"investigated":[45],"by":[46],"means":[47],"attenuation":[49],"power":[52],"measuring":[53],"methods.>":[54]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}