{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139297396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","title":"Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Tourism Research: A Methodological Review","display_name":"Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Tourism Research: A Methodological Review","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139297396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","mag":"2139297396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36206217","display_name":"Tourism Analysis","issn_l":"1083-5423","issn":["1083-5423","1943-3999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969325","host_organization_name":"Cognizant Communication Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cognizant Communication Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004414281","display_name":"Guy Assaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-5379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-5379"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy Assaker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025927856","display_name":"Songshan Sam Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-2788","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-2788"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songshan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050931467","display_name":"Rob Hallak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-217X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1390-217X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Hallak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9697,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91537516,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"679","last_page":"686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.7720000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.04969999939203262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.018400000408291817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partial-least-squares-structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"partial least squares structural equation modeling","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pls-sem","display_name":"PLS-SEM","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-based-sem","display_name":"covariance-based SEM","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-normal-data","display_name":"non-normal data","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-constructs","display_name":"formative constructs","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflective-constructs","display_name":"reflective constructs","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methodological-challenges","display_name":"methodological issues","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-research-methodology","display_name":"tourism research methodology","score":0.7599999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.949156641960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22354355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422009","display_name":"Partial least squares regression","level":2,"score":0.8491917848587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.6850523948669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.5585795640945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5538893938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5414022207260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.530317485332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46515971422195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.46374353766441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4366809129714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43578240275382996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31709742546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2827126383781433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14656603336334229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1404159963130951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13670232892036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36206217","display_name":"Tourism Analysis","issn_l":"1083-5423","issn":["1083-5423","1943-3999"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4360969325","host_organization_name":"Cognizant Communication Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4360969325"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cognizant Communication Corporation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tourism Analysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:urm_publish:9915909690001831","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://find.library.unisa.edu.au/discovery/fulldisplay/alma9915909690001831/61USOUTHAUS_INST:ROR","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402528","display_name":"UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","host_organization_name":"University of South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:1959.8/125219","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1959.8/125219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://doi.org/10.3727/108354212x13485873914128","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969914363","https://openalex.org/W1980996468","https://openalex.org/W1981492171","https://openalex.org/W1982368258","https://openalex.org/W2004135211","https://openalex.org/W2005423324","https://openalex.org/W2014134373","https://openalex.org/W2047225426","https://openalex.org/W2049159124","https://openalex.org/W2057137196","https://openalex.org/W2057643324","https://openalex.org/W2064585034","https://openalex.org/W2066090712","https://openalex.org/W2067790286","https://openalex.org/W2078314529","https://openalex.org/W2084890134","https://openalex.org/W2086067779","https://openalex.org/W2090552208","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2122912498","https://openalex.org/W2151000531","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2159668276","https://openalex.org/W3122877168","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4251225833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7034731544","https://openalex.org/W1970571431","https://openalex.org/W3097018554","https://openalex.org/W2493104853","https://openalex.org/W2896833234","https://openalex.org/W7216780077","https://openalex.org/W3107757521","https://openalex.org/W2911250209","https://openalex.org/W4396956075","https://openalex.org/W99584655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Partial":[0],"least":[1],"squares":[2],"structural":[3,14],"equation":[4,15],"modeling":[5,16],"(PLS-SEM),":[6],"as":[7,34,68],"an":[8],"alternative":[9],"technique":[10],"to":[11,23,47],"traditional":[12],"covariance-based":[13],"(CB-SEM),":[17],"offers":[18],"greater":[19],"flexibility":[20],"with":[21],"regard":[22],"data":[24,70,78],"assumptions":[25],"and":[26,82,87],"could":[27],"be":[28],"better":[29],"harnessed":[30],"by":[31],"tourism":[32,43,74],"researchers":[33,65],"a":[35,69],"research":[36],"tool.":[37],"This":[38],"article":[39,61],"reviews":[40],"four":[41],"selected":[42],"articles":[44],"using":[45],"PLS-SEM":[46,67],"highlight":[48],"the":[49,55,60,83],"key":[50],"methodological":[51],"issues":[52],"of":[53],"applying":[54],"technique.":[56],"In":[57],"so":[58],"doing,":[59],"provides":[62],"guidelines":[63],"for":[64],"adopting":[66],"analysis":[71],"tool":[72],"in":[73],"research,":[75],"especially":[76],"when":[77],"are":[79],"multivariate":[80],"nonnormal":[81],"model":[84],"includes":[85],"formative":[86],"reflective":[88],"constructs.":[89]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
