{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2139293286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","title":"Optimized Perioperative Analgesia Reduces Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Frequency","display_name":"Optimized Perioperative Analgesia Reduces Chronic Phantom Limb Pain Intensity, Prevalence, and Frequency","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2139293286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","mag":"2139293286","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21368651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027133079","display_name":"\u039c\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-7988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-7988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menelaos Karanikolas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor","Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064650572","display_name":"\u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9 \u0391\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-2456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-2456"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diamanto Aretha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035457862","display_name":"Ioannis A. Tsolakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-4889","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-4889"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis Tsolakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056287775","display_name":"G. Monantera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgia Monantera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005742160","display_name":"Panagiotis Kiekkas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-5023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-5023"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis Kiekkas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Registered Nurse, General Hospital of Chest Diseases, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Registered Nurse, General Hospital of Chest Diseases, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010382814","display_name":"Spyros Papadoulas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8628-2173","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8628-2173"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spyros Papadoulas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant, Department of Vascular Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant, Department of Vascular Surgery, Patras University School of Medicine, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011006258","display_name":"Robert A. Swarm","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Swarm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111887417","display_name":"Kriton S. Filos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kriton S. Filos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.2316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":202,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9969965,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"5","first_page":"1144","last_page":"1154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.7573000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.7573000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.22840000689029694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phantom-limb-pain","display_name":"phantom limb pain","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perioperative-analgesia","display_name":"perioperative analgesia","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-analgesia","display_name":"epidural analgesia","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-controlled-analgesia","display_name":"patient-controlled analgesia","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-extremity-amputation","display_name":"lower limb amputation","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-pain","display_name":"postoperative pain","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-anesthesia","display_name":"general anesthesia","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-intensity","display_name":"pain intensity","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-frequency","display_name":"pain frequency","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mcgill-pain-questionnaire","display_name":"McGill Pain Questionnaire","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-analog-scale","display_name":"visual analogue scale","score":0.8130000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9463962316513062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.8740841746330261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.7096155285835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.6986280679702759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776045914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382057","display_name":"Patient-controlled analgesia","level":3,"score":0.628413200378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.6012604832649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.34978431463241577}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000767","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000768","descriptor_name":"Anesthesia, General","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002908","descriptor_name":"Chronic Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005500","descriptor_name":"Follow-Up Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006115","descriptor_name":"Greece","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010591","descriptor_name":"Phantom Limb","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010591","descriptor_name":"Phantom Limb","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015360","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Epidural","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016058","descriptor_name":"Analgesia, Patient-Controlled","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019990","descriptor_name":"Perioperative Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035002","descriptor_name":"Lower Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31820fc7d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124035732","display_name":"Anesthesiology","issn_l":"0003-3022","issn":["0003-3022","1528-1175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21368651","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21368651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Anesthesiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113679299","https://openalex.org/W1217659570","https://openalex.org/W1544197342","https://openalex.org/W1586630066","https://openalex.org/W1589586359","https://openalex.org/W1821166321","https://openalex.org/W1967859732","https://openalex.org/W1992111420","https://openalex.org/W1998013472","https://openalex.org/W1998679766","https://openalex.org/W2016068581","https://openalex.org/W2019109324","https://openalex.org/W2019875673","https://openalex.org/W2023162577","https://openalex.org/W2027741746","https://openalex.org/W2027933292","https://openalex.org/W2042647237","https://openalex.org/W2042690966","https://openalex.org/W2045447631","https://openalex.org/W2047051622","https://openalex.org/W2057588442","https://openalex.org/W2067933156","https://openalex.org/W2069821579","https://openalex.org/W2071991914","https://openalex.org/W2077547311","https://openalex.org/W2079934788","https://openalex.org/W2084303677","https://openalex.org/W2084518320","https://openalex.org/W2108235111","https://openalex.org/W2110791387","https://openalex.org/W2115592924","https://openalex.org/W2119074605","https://openalex.org/W2122207923","https://openalex.org/W2124824246","https://openalex.org/W2125035432","https://openalex.org/W2130590575","https://openalex.org/W2143538143","https://openalex.org/W2165290155","https://openalex.org/W2407618368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066867674","https://openalex.org/W2472068890","https://openalex.org/W2038945873","https://openalex.org/W2108235111","https://openalex.org/W2003200791","https://openalex.org/W67084697","https://openalex.org/W4413168539","https://openalex.org/W2027741746","https://openalex.org/W2026635171","https://openalex.org/W2100196985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Severe":[1],"preamputation":[2],"pain":[3,9,269],"is":[4],"associated":[5],"with":[6],"phantom":[7],"limb":[8,13,268],"(PLP)":[10],"development":[11],"in":[12,235],"amputees.":[14],"We":[15],"investigated":[16],"whether":[17],"optimized":[18],"perioperative":[19,46,71,81],"analgesia":[20,48,59,92,96,278],"reduces":[21],"PLP":[22,136,232,293],"at":[23,125,270,294],"6-month":[24],"follow-up.":[25],"METHODS:":[26],"A":[27],"total":[28],"of":[29,111,237,241,246,252],"65":[30],"patients":[31,44,54,69,79,249,255],"underwent":[32],"lower-limb":[33],"amputation":[34],"and":[35,49,64,74,84,93,104,116,124,127,137,181,224,244,262,286],"were":[36,121,150,193],"assigned":[37],"to":[38],"five":[39],"analgesic":[40],"regimens:":[41],"(1)":[42],"Epi/Epi/Epi":[43,156,199],"received":[45,55,70,80,90],"epidural":[47,50,62,65,75,277],"anesthesia;":[51,66,76],"(2)":[52],"PCA/Epi/Epi":[53,163,206],"preoperative":[56],"intravenous":[57,72,82,98,280],"patient-controlled":[58],"(PCA),":[60],"postoperative":[61],"analgesia,":[63],"(3)":[67],"PCA/Epi/PCA":[68,170,213],"PCA":[73,83,99],"(4)":[77],"PCA/GA/PCA":[78,177,220,248],"general":[85],"anesthesia":[86],"(GA);":[87],"(5)":[88],"controls":[89],"conventional":[91],"GA.":[94],"Epidural":[95],"or":[97,279],"started":[100],"48":[101,106,283,289],"h":[102,107,284,290],"preoperatively":[103,285],"continued":[105],"postoperatively.":[108],"The":[109,186],"results":[110],"the":[112,117,146,189],"visual":[113,147],"analog":[114,148],"scale":[115,149],"McGill":[118,190],"Pain":[119,191],"Questionnaire":[120,192],"recorded":[122],"perioperatively":[123],"1":[126,236],"6":[128,132,210,230,271,295],"months.":[129,296],"RESULTS:":[130],"At":[131,229],"months,":[133,231],"median":[134],"(minimum-maximum)":[135],"P":[138,259,263],"values":[139,187],"(intervention":[140],"groups":[141],"vs.":[142],"control":[143,254],"group)":[144],"for":[145,155,162,169,176,184,188,198,205,212,219,227,288],"as":[151,194],"follows:":[152,195],"0":[153,160,174,196,203,217],"(0-20)":[154],"(P":[157,164,171,178,200,207,214,221,256],"=":[158,165,172,179,208,215,222,257,260,264],"0.001),":[159,202],"(0-42)":[161],"0.014),":[166],"20":[167,182],"(0-40)":[168],"0.532),":[173],"(0-30)":[175],"0.008),":[180],"(0-58)":[183],"controls.":[185,228],"(0-7)":[197],"<":[201],"(0-9)":[204,218],"0.003),":[209,223],"(0-11)":[211],"0.208),":[216],"7":[225],"(0-15)":[226],"was":[233,273],"present":[234],"13":[238,242,247],"Epi/Epi/Epi,":[239],"4":[240],"PCA/Epi/Epi,":[243],"3":[245],"versus":[250],"9":[251],"12":[253],"0.001,":[258],"0.027,":[261],"0.009,":[265],"respectively).":[266],"Residual":[267],"months":[272],"insignificant.":[274],"CONCLUSIONS:":[275],"Optimized":[276],"PCA,":[281],"starting":[282],"continuing":[287],"postoperatively,":[291],"decreases":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}